Ferroelectric LiNbO3 is the most widely used electro-optic material. It exhibits large birefringent, pyroelectric, electro-optic, elastic, photoelastic, and bulk photovoltaic effects. One important application of this material is therefore the fabrication of either planar or cha- nnel optical waveguides able to guide light in the visible or near IR optical range. The usual approach to this aim is Ti in-diffusion into LiNbO3 single crystals.
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