In the underground laboratory 'Felsenkeller' in Dresden a new iron shielded counting room is installed. In the paper the laboratory is described and examples of application of low-level counting techniques are presented. Long-lived radionuclides in low-level wastes from a power station are corrosion products, fission products, and actinides. They have been radiochemically separated and measured by alpha, beta, and gamma spectrometry. Natural radionuclides in soil samples, water and plants from the vicinity of an uranium mining plant are measured by gamma and by alpha spectrometry. Geochemical and technological processes cause important changes of the radioactive equilibrium, for example in the activity ratio of 223Ra and 226Ra.
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