Comprehensive design of integrated-optic switch matrices on titanium indiffused lithium niobate substrate

P. Ganguly; B. Umapathi; J. C. Biswas; S. K. Lahiri

doi:10.1117/12.345550

2 January 1998 Comprehensive design of integrated-optic switch matrices on titanium indiffused lithium niobate substrate

P. Ganguly, B. Umapathi, J. C. Biswas, S. K. Lahiri

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Proceedings Volume 3211, International Conference on Fiber Optics and Photonics: Selected Papers from Photonics India '96; (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.345550
Event: International Conference on Fiber Optics and Photonics: Selected Papers from Photonics India '96, 1996, Madras, India

Abstract

Single-mode integrated-optic directional couplers on electro-optic substrates can be used to realize photonic space-division multiplexers/switches with low cross-talk level and switching voltage. This paper describes briefly the methods which have been used by the present authors to design 2x2 and 4x4 switch matrices oir LiNbO3 substrates. A computer-aided analytical model has been developed to obtain the two-dimensional distribution of Ti-concentration and refractive index profiles for arbitrary waveguide geometry, Ti-film thickness and processing conditions. The matrix method which is a simple analytical tool for layered structures has been employed to study the wave propagation through Ti indiffused LiNb03 waveguides and directional couplers. The data for refractive index profile required as the input for running the computer program implementing the matrix method were obtained from the above computer-aided analysis. The computed results of Ti-concentration, refractive index profiles and the critical coupling length of directional couplers were validated with available experimental data. Due attention has also been paid to reduce the radiation loss from waveguide bends and to incorporate the polarization dependence in the design of directional couplers. The electrode structure and its placement on Ti:LiNb03 waveguides have been optimized for a 5V switching voltage. The effects of buffer layer and I/O fiber-to-waveguide coupling have also been considered to estimate the total loss. Necessary data generation in appropriate format for electron beam masks for Ti-waveguides and electrode patterns has been completed, and the fabrication of masks is now in progress. A simplistic design of 8x8 switch matrix has also been included.

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P. Ganguly, B. Umapathi, J. C. Biswas, and S. K. Lahiri "Comprehensive design of integrated-optic switch matrices on titanium indiffused lithium niobate substrate", Proc. SPIE 3211, International Conference on Fiber Optics and Photonics: Selected Papers from Photonics India '96, (2 January 1998); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.345550

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KEYWORDS

Switches

Directional couplers

Integrated optics

Matrices

Titanium

Waveguides

Lithium niobate

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