Freezing effect on bread appearance evaluated by digital imaging

Inna Y. Zayas

doi:10.1117/12.336875

14 January 1999 Freezing effect on bread appearance evaluated by digital imaging

Inna Y. Zayas

Proceedings Volume 3543, Precision Agriculture and Biological Quality; (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.336875
Event: Photonics East (ISAM, VVDC, IEMB), 1998, Boston, MA, United States

Abstract

In marketing channels, bread is sometimes delivered in a frozen sate for distribution. Changes occur in physical dimensions, crumb grain and appearance of slices. Ten loaves, twelve bread slices per loaf were scanned for digital image analysis and then frozen in a commercial refrigerator. The bread slices were stored for four weeks scanned again, permitted to thaw and scanned a third time. Image features were extracted, to determine shape, size and image texture of the slices. Different thresholds of grey levels were set to detect changes that occurred in crumb, images were binarized at these settings. The number of pixels falling into these gray level settings were determined for each slice. Image texture features of subimages of each slice were calculated to quantify slice crumb grain. The image features of the slice size showed shrinking of bread slices, as a results of freezing and storage, although shape of slices did not change markedly. Visible crumb texture changes occurred and these changes were depicted by changes in image texture features. Image texture features showed that slice crumb changed differently at the center of a slice compared to a peripheral area close to the crust. Image texture and slice features were sufficient for discrimination of slices before and after freezing and after thawing.

Citation Download Citation

Inna Y. Zayas "Freezing effect on bread appearance evaluated by digital imaging", Proc. SPIE 3543, Precision Agriculture and Biological Quality, (14 January 1999); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.336875

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KEYWORDS

Image analysis

Digital imaging

Feature extraction

Agriculture

Americium

Image quality

Image storage

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