Photodynamic diagnosis of bladder cancer in ex vivo urine cytology

C. Y. Fu; B. K. Ng; S. Gulam Razul; Malini C. Olivo; Weber K. O. Lau; P. H. Tan; William Chin

doi:10.1117/12.652209

22 February 2006 Photodynamic diagnosis of bladder cancer in ex vivo urine cytology

C. Y. Fu, B. K. Ng, S. Gulam Razul, Malini C. Olivo, Weber K. O. Lau, P. H. Tan, William Chin

Proceedings Volume 6078, Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics II; 60781C (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.652209
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2006, San Jose, California, United States

Abstract

Bladder cancer is the fourth common malignant disease worldwide, accounting for 4% of all cancer cases. In Singapore, it is the ninth most common form of cancer. The high mortality rate can be reduced by early treatment following precancerous screening. Currently, the gold standard for screening bladder tumors is histological examination of biopsy specimen, which is both invasive and time-consuming. In this study ex vivo urine fluorescence cytology is investigated to offer a timely and biopsy-free means for detecting bladder cancers. Sediments in patients' urine samples were extracted and incubated with a novel photosensitizer, hypericin. Laser confocal microscopy was used to capture the fluorescence images at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. Images were subsequently processed to single out the exfoliated bladder cells from the other cells based on the cellular size. Intensity histogram of each targeted cell was plotted and feature vectors, derived from the histogram moments, were used to represent each sample. A difference in the distribution of the feature vectors of normal and low-grade cancerous bladder cells was observed. Diagnostic algorithm for discriminating between normal and low-grade cancerous cells is elucidated in this paper. This study suggests that the fluorescence intensity profiles of hypericin in bladder cells can potentially provide an automated quantitative means of early bladder cancer diagnosis.

Citation Download Citation

C. Y. Fu, B. K. Ng, S. Gulam Razul, Malini C. Olivo, Weber K. O. Lau, P. H. Tan, and William Chin "Photodynamic diagnosis of bladder cancer in ex vivo urine cytology", Proc. SPIE 6078, Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics II, 60781C (22 February 2006); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.652209

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KEYWORDS

Luminescence

Bladder

Bladder cancer

Tumors

Cell biology

Cancer

Image processing

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