31 May 2007Carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH detection in animal adipose tissue by means of extracorporeal microdialysis
F. Baldini, A. Bizzarri, M. Cajlakovic, F. Feichtner, L. Gianesello, A. Giannetti, G. Gori, C. Konrad, A. A. Mencaglia, E. Mori, V. Pavoni, A. M. Perna, C. Trono
F. Baldini,1 A. Bizzarri,2 M. Cajlakovic,2 F. Feichtner,2 L. Gianesello,3 A. Giannetti,1 G. Gori,3 C. Konrad,2 A. A. Mencaglia,1 E. Mori,3 V. Pavoni,3 A. M. Perna,3 C. Trono1
1Institute for Applied Physics, CNR (Italy) 2Joanneum Research (Austria) 3Univ. of Florence (Italy)
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Atypical physiological symptoms can be developed in healthy people under critically ill conditions. pH, pO2 and pCO2
are informative indicators of the conditions of a living system and can be valuable in determining the physiologic status
of the critically ill patients. The continuous monitoring of these small molecules into the interstitial fluid (ISF) is a
promising approach to reduce diagnostic blood loss and painful stress associated with blood sampling. Microdialysis is
the approach followed for the extraction of the sample from the subcutaneous adipose tissue; the drawn interstitial fluid
flows through a microfluidic circuit formed by the microdialysis catheter in series with a glass capillary on the internal
wall of which the appropriate chemistry for sensing is immobilised. Absorption changes for pH sensor and modulation of
the fluorescence lifetime for pO2 and pCO2 are the working principle. Phenol red covalently bound into the internal wall
of a glass capillary by means of the Mannich reaction and platinum(II) tetrakis-pentafluorophenyl-porphyrine entrapped
within a polymerised polystyrene layer are the chemical transducers used for pH and oxygen detection; the ion pair 8-
hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt/ tetraoctylammonium hydroxide, dissolved in a silicon-based
polymeric matrix, is used for the carbon dioxide detection. A suitable hemorrhagic shock model was developed in order
to validate clinically the developed sensors in the condition of extreme stress and the obtained results show that the
adipose tissue can become an alternative site for the continuous oitoring of pH, pO2 and pCO2.
F. Baldini,A. Bizzarri,M. Cajlakovic,F. Feichtner,L. Gianesello,A. Giannetti,G. Gori,C. Konrad,A. A. Mencaglia,E. Mori,V. Pavoni,A. M. Perna, andC. Trono
"Carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH detection in animal adipose tissue by means of extracorporeal microdialysis", Proc. SPIE 6585, Optical Sensing Technology and Applications, 658510 (31 May 2007); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.723276
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F. Baldini, A. Bizzarri, M. Cajlakovic, F. Feichtner, L. Gianesello, A. Giannetti, G. Gori, C. Konrad, A. A. Mencaglia, E. Mori, V. Pavoni, A. M. Perna, C. Trono, "Carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH detection in animal adipose tissue by means of extracorporeal microdialysis," Proc. SPIE 6585, Optical Sensing Technology and Applications, 658510 (31 May 2007); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.723276