Hexagonal sampling in the infrared domain: an introduction to array set addressing

Nicholas I. Rummelt; Geoffrey L. Barrows; Mark A. Massie

doi:10.1117/12.896888

20 May 2011 Hexagonal sampling in the infrared domain: an introduction to array set addressing

Nicholas I. Rummelt, Geoffrey L. Barrows, Mark A. Massie

Proceedings Volume 8012, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVII; 80120I (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.896888
Event: SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, 2011, Orlando, Florida, United States

Abstract

It has been known since the early 1960s that hexagonal sampling is the optimal sampling approach for isotropically band-limited images, providing a 13.4% improvement in sampling efficiency over rectangular sampling. Despite this fact and other significant advantages of hexagonal sampling, rectangular sampling is still used for virtually all modern digital image processing systems. This is arguably due to the lack of an efficient addressing system for hexagonal grids. Array set addressing (ASA) is a recent advance in addressing hexagonal grids that allows image processing techniques to be performed efficiently on hexagonally sampled images. This paper will describe ASA and discuss its advantages. With ASA, a renewed interest in sensors that sample hexagonally is occurring. We will describe a new visible imager that simultaneously samples both hexagonally and rectangularly. This novel research tool has the ability to provide real imagery that can be used to quantitatively compare the performance of an image processing operation on both hexagonally sampled and rectangularly sampled images. We will also describe current efforts and plans for future visible sensors that sample hexagonally. The advantages of hexagonal sampling are not limited to the visible domain and should be equally realizable in the infrared domain. This paper will discuss considerations for developing infrared sensors that sample hexagonally. On-focal plane array (FPA) processing, readout architectures, detector materials, and bump-bonding are among the topics to be discussed.

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Nicholas I. Rummelt, Geoffrey L. Barrows, and Mark A. Massie "Hexagonal sampling in the infrared domain: an introduction to array set addressing", Proc. SPIE 8012, Infrared Technology and Applications XXXVII, 80120I (20 May 2011); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.896888

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KEYWORDS

Sensors

Infrared radiation

Imaging systems

Infrared imaging

Infrared sensors

Staring arrays

Image processing

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