Los Alamos has used penetrating radiography extensively throughout its history dating back to the Manhattan Project
where imaging dense, imploding objects was the subject of intense interest. This interest continues today as major
facilities like DARHT1 have become the mainstay of the US Stockpile Stewardship Program2 and the cornerstone of nuclear weapons certification. Meanwhile, emerging threats to national security from cargo containers and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have invigorated inspection efforts using muon tomography, and compact x-ray radiography.
Additionally, unusual environmental threats, like those from underwater oil spills and nuclear power plant accidents,
have caused renewed interest in fielding radiography in severe operating conditions. We review the history of
penetrating radiography at Los Alamos and survey technologies as presently applied to these important problems.
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