Smart pixel imaging with computational-imaging arrays

Christy Fernandez-Cull; Brian M. Tyrrell; Richard D'Onofrio; Andrew Bolstad; Joseph Lin; Jeffrey W. Little; Megan Blackwell; Matthew Renzi; Mike Kelly

doi:10.1117/12.2057520

1 July 2014 Smart pixel imaging with computational-imaging arrays

Christy Fernandez-Cull, Brian M. Tyrrell, Richard D'Onofrio, Andrew Bolstad, Joseph Lin, Jeffrey W. Little, Megan Blackwell, Matthew Renzi, Mike Kelly

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 9070, Infrared Technology and Applications XL; 90703D (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057520
Event: SPIE Defense + Security, 2014, Baltimore, MD, United States

Abstract

Smart pixel imaging with computational-imaging arrays (SPICA) transfers image plane coding typically realized in the optical architecture to the digital domain of the focal plane array, thereby minimizing signal-to-noise losses associated with static filters or apertures and inherent diffraction concerns. MIT Lincoln Laboratory has been developing digitalpixel focal plane array (DFPA) devices for many years. In this work, we leverage legacy designs modified with new features to realize a computational imaging array (CIA) with advanced pixel-processing capabilities. We briefly review the use of DFPAs for on-chip background removal and image plane filtering. We focus on two digital readout integrated circuits (DROICS) as CIAs for two-dimensional (2D) transient target tracking and three-dimensional (3D) transient target estimation using per-pixel coded-apertures or flutter shutters. This paper describes two DROICs – a SWIR pixelprocessing imager (SWIR-PPI) and a Visible CIA (VISCIA). SWIR-PPI is a DROIC with a 1 kHz global frame rate with a maximum per-pixel shuttering rate of 100 MHz, such that each pixel can be modulated by a time-varying, pseudorandom, and duo-binary signal (+1,-1,0). Combining per-pixel time-domain coding and processing enables 3D (x,y,t) target estimation with limited loss of spatial resolution. We evaluate structured and pseudo-random encoding strategies and employ linear inversion and non-linear inversion using total-variation minimization to estimate a 3D data cube from a single 2D temporally-encoded measurement. The VISCIA DROIC, while low-resolution, has a 6 kHz global frame rate and simultaneously encodes eight periodic or aperiodic transient target signatures at a maximum rate of 50 MHz using eight 8-bit counters. By transferring pixel-based image plane coding to the DROIC and utilizing sophisticated processing, our CIAs enable on-chip temporal super-resolution.

Citation Download Citation

Christy Fernandez-Cull, Brian M. Tyrrell, Richard D'Onofrio, Andrew Bolstad, Joseph Lin, Jeffrey W. Little, Megan Blackwell, Matthew Renzi, and Mike Kelly "Smart pixel imaging with computational-imaging arrays", Proc. SPIE 9070, Infrared Technology and Applications XL, 90703D (1 July 2014); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057520

ACCESS THE FULL ARTICLE

INSTITUTIONAL
Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.

SELECT YOUR INSTITUTION

PERSONAL
Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.

PERSONAL SIGN IN

No SPIE Account? Create one

PURCHASE THIS CONTENT

SUBSCRIBE TO DIGITAL LIBRARY

50 downloads per 1-year subscription

Members: $195

Non-members: $335 ADD TO CART

25 downloads per 1 - year subscription

Members: $145

Non-members: $250 ADD TO CART

PURCHASE SINGLE ARTICLE

Includes PDF, HTML & Video, when available