|
|
|
The papers included in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected and subject to review by the editors and conference program committee. Some conference presentations may not be available for publication. The papers published in these proceedings reflect the work and thoughts of the authors and are published herein as submitted. The publisher is not responsible for the validity of the information or for any outcomes resulting from reliance thereon. Please use the following format to cite material from this book: Author(s), “Title of Paper,” in Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies VIII, edited by Mark A. Druy, Richard A. Crocombe, David P. Bannon, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 9482 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2015) Article CID Number. ISSN: 0277-786X ISBN: 9781628415988 Published by SPIE P.O. Box 10, Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010 USA Telephone +1 360 676 3290 (Pacific Time) · Fax +1 360 647 1445 Copyright © 2015, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Copying of material in this book for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, beyond the fair use provisions granted by the U.S. Copyright Law is authorized by SPIE subject to payment of copying fees. The Transactional Reporting Service base fee for this volume is $18.00 per article (or portion thereof), which should be paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Payment may also be made electronically through CCC Online at copyright.com. Other copying for republication, resale, advertising or promotion, or any form of systematic or multiple reproduction of any material in this book is prohibited except with permission in writing from the publisher. The CCC fee code is 0277-786X/15/$18.00. Printed in the United States of America. Publication of record for individual papers is online in the SPIE Digital Library. Paper Numbering: Proceedings of SPIE follow an e-First publication model, with papers published first online and then in print. Papers are published as they are submitted and meet publication criteria. A unique citation identifier (CID) number is assigned to each article at the time of the first publication. Utilization of CIDs allows articles to be fully citable as soon as they are published online, and connects the same identifier to all online, print, and electronic versions of the publication. SPIE uses a six-digit CID article numbering system in which:
The CID Number appears on each page of the manuscript. The complete citation is used on the first page, and an abbreviated version on subsequent pages. AuthorsNumbers in the index correspond to the last two digits of the six-digit citation identifier (CID) article numbering system used in Proceedings of SPIE. The first four digits reflect the volume number. Base 36 numbering is employed for the last two digits and indicates the order of articles within the volume. Numbers start with 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B…0Z, followed by 10-1Z, 20-2Z, etc.
Conference CommitteeSymposium Chair
Symposium Co-chair Conference Chairs
Conference Program Committee
Session Chairs
IntroductionThe past twenty-five years have seen a massive investment in photonics, electronics, and MEMS, aimed at developing new telecommunications capabilities and innovative consumer products. This has led to advances in miniature optics, light sources, tunable filters, array detectors, fiber optic sensors, and a range of other photonic devices, across the whole electromagnetic spectrum, along with technologies for their mass production. Similarly, in recent years, there have been remarkable developments in handheld consumer electronics, especially cell phones (“smartphones”). Today’s devices contain advances in RF technology, processors, displays, operating systems, user interfaces, memory, Bluetooth, WiFi, GPS, cameras, accelerometers, etc. These technologies are increasingly being exploited in new spectroscopic instruments, and are now poised to be the basis of next-generation handheld scientific instruments. Advances in array detectors (CCD, CID, InGaAs, InSb, MCT, CMOS, etc.) are enabling a new generation of faster imaging spectrometers, with both laboratory and field applications. Lower-cost infrared arrays have been developed, employing MEMS techniques. New laser sources, particularly in the mid-infrared, are being used in combination with advances in detector technology to create new spectroscopic platforms. The concurrent improvements in analytical theory, data analysis methods, algorithms and the power of portable processors enable instrument designers to ‘put a PhD scientist in the box’, and empower field spectroscopic devices to give specific actionable answers. Portable and handheld instruments tend to be more targeted at specific applications than their laboratory predecessors. They may have performance (measured as resolution, spectroscopic range, signal-to-noise, etc.) that is ‘good enough’ for field screening applications. However, they are often more selective, smaller, cheaper, more robust, and designed to give these actionable answers to non-scientist operators in the field. Spectroscopy-based systems are now making critical judgments in environments and applications that were unreachable twenty years ago, from hazardous materials to the operating theater, and from field geologists to customs and border personnel. The emphasis in this conference is on advanced technologies for spectroscopic instrumentation, particularly the uv-visible, infrared, near-infrared, and Raman molecular techniques, but also including advances enabling miniature and portable spectrometers across the electromagnetic spectrum, including x-ray fluorescence, laser induced fluorescence, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Terahertz, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The conference also includes papers describing breakthrough and novel, recently-introduced, commercial instrumentation, and demonstrations using cell phones for diagnostic purposes and the collection of analytical data for distributed point sensing. This conference premiered at Optics East 2007 in Boston, MA and is now part of the Sensing Technology and Applications Symposium. For 2015, an existing SPIE conference (Spectral Imaging Sensor Technologies: Innovation Driving Advanced Application Capabilities) was merged into Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies. With that merger, the 2015 Conference spanned three days, and was divided into sessions focusing on: Miniature, Portable and Handheld Instruments; New Instruments and Techniques; Smartphone Spectroscopy; Novel Infrared and Raman Applications; Hyperspectral Imaging; Chemometrics and Hyperspectral Imaging. The Conference Chairs believe that this is the first SPIE session devoted to “Smartphone Spectroscopy” and anticipate that this will be a continuing and growing part of this Conference. In all, 48 papers were presented, and we present 40 in this volume. Mark A. Druy Richard A. Crocombe David P. Bannon |
