Symmetries and broken symmetries play important roles in physics. In particular, they constrain the electromagnetic response of materials and the allowed light-matter interactions. In such a context, symmetry breaking can lead to unique and peculiar physical phenomena. The Hall effects, for example, result from broken symmetries. In the usual linear Hall effects, the time-reversal symmetry is broken by a magnetic bias. Alternatively, nonlinear Hall effects can occur in systems with a broken inversion symmetry rather than broken time-reversal symmetry.
Here we explore several physical platforms that can enable nonreciprocal and non-Hermitian responses based on the nonlinear Hall effect and 2D material layers biased with a static electric field. It will be shown that the electric field bias may create unique physical responses, including regimes of loss and gain controlled by the wave-polarization, asymmetric responses, and others. In this talk, we will present an overview of our on-going work on this topic.
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