Two different treatment modalities for skin cancer, topical 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), have several non-overlapping mechanisms of action in addition to inducing long-term anti-tumor immunity mediated by cells of innate and adaptive immune systems. The particular type of PDT (painless, or p-PDT) uses aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and exposure to blue light in a non-apoptotic regimen resulting in lesion clearance mainly by immunological cell death. When combined, 5FU and p-PDT augment each other in multiple ways, including augmentation of anti-tumor immune activation, resulting in greater tumor reduction than possible with either modality alone.
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