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Predicting and simulating resist defects with the help of rigorous nanomechanical/fluid dynamics simulations can be quite tedious and slow, especially for the use cases expected in EUVL. This is mainly because of the complicated meshing and discretization methods required. The finite element method (FEM) solver would need to solve a large system of equations due to the large number of higher order mesh elements making the overall simulations extremely slow. A total simulation time of several hours was observed while simulating a single rough profile for predicting collapse. Predicting resist defects with the help of simulations therefore requires newer strategies due to the overall randomness caused due to the numerous optical and chemical effects. This is where machine learning could help speed up the process.
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Sean D'Silva, Raghunandan Arava, Andreas Erdmann, Thomas Muelders, Hans-Juergen Stock, "Predicting resist pattern collapse in EUVL using machine learning," Proc. SPIE PC12750, International Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography 2023, PC127500I (22 November 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2691987