Through comparison with most frequency-domain digital watermarking approaches, the spread transform dither modulation (STDM) method exhibits a good embedding effect and is capable of meeting the requirements of blind extraction. However, the rotating attack is difficult to counter, and the cropping attack is seriously impacted by location factors. In addition, there exist numerous algorithms concentrate solely on the watermarking process, ignoring the image’s security. In these views, our work proposes a two-dimensional hyperchaotic system, the so-named Chebyshev ICMIC cascade map with the Knuth–Durstenfeld method, aiming to enhance the security of digital watermarking systems. The scrambled pixels improve the anticropping attack effect through breaking the location correlation of watermark information. For the purpose of magnifying resistance to rotation attack impact, the radial harmonic Fourier moments subtraction coefficient matrix distribution expectation is appropriately adapted to carry out the rotation correction. The performed experiments reveal that the suggested improved STDM watermarking algorithm demonstrates better robustness and invisibility, resisting more attacks than the existing methodologies. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed methods is proved based on the simulation results.