17 December 2020 Graphene metalenses with diverse electrical tunabilities at different terahertz frequencies
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Abstract

Graphene has attracted widespread attention in dynamic optoelectronic devices due to its tunable electrical and optical properties. But different modulation capabilities of the graphene-based designs at different frequencies are less studied. We study the electrical tunability of transmissive metalenses based on graphene when working at three frequencies 0.3, 1.25, and 2 THz, respectively. The constitutive meta-atoms are composed of graphene patches and metallic gratings for efficient phase shift in the orthogonal polarization. Although the conductivity of graphene is tunable at all the frequencies, responses of meta-atoms show weak and strong dependence on the Fermi level at the low and high frequencies, respectively. Therefore, the focal length of the metalens is not electrically tunable at 0.3 THz. In contrast, the metalenses designed at 1.25 and 2 THz show electrically adjustable focal lengths, and the tuning range of the focal length increases with frequency. The research here provides clear guidance for the design of graphene metalenses with different electrical tunabilities for a variety of application scenarios.

© 2020 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) 0091-3286/2020/$28.00 © 2020 SPIE
Huixian Zhou, Jierong Cheng, Fei Fan, Xianghui Wang, and Shengjiang Chang "Graphene metalenses with diverse electrical tunabilities at different terahertz frequencies," Optical Engineering 59(12), 127106 (17 December 2020). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.59.12.127106
Received: 28 September 2020; Accepted: 25 November 2020; Published: 17 December 2020
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CITATIONS
Cited by 4 scholarly publications.
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KEYWORDS
Graphene

Terahertz radiation

Optical engineering

Plasmonics

Modulation

Dielectric polarization

Phase shifts

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