All-optical synchronous and asynchronous binary up counters that employ silicon micro-ring resonator-based T flip-flops are proposed. An alternative approach to design all-optical synchronous and asynchronous binary up counters is also demonstrated using fewer optical components. The proposed design is theoretically realized in MATLAB simulation software at a very high operational speed of 260 Gbps. The performance of this design is validated through amplitude difference, contrast ratio, extinction ratio, amplitude modulation, on–off ratio, etc. The optimized values of the micro-ring resonator are achieved through numerical simulation, which will help to implement the proposed design practically.