7 March 2024 Laser-damage performance of gallium-alloy liquid metal mirrors
Gregory S. Demos, Brittany N. Hoffman, John C. Lambropoulos, Marcela Mireles
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Abstract

We explore the characteristics and laser-damage behavior of gallium-based liquid metal alloy mirrors under exposure to ns laser pulses. One of the key advantages of using liquid metal mirrors is the self-healing potential following perturbations arising from exposure to high-power laser pulses. In this work, key performance metrics, such as reflectivity and the laser-damage initiation mechanism and initiation threshold, were investigated using fused-silica cells filled with three different liquid metal Ga alloys. The results suggest that irreversible modification (damage) under 355-nm, 6-ns pulses are associated with the formation of gallium oxide, taking place at a fluence significantly higher than that for damage initiation in conventional metal mirrors. This behavior is believed to arise from the different damage initiation mechanism in liquid metal mirrors requiring increased laser absorbed energy for an irreversible modification of the material surface to occur. This exploratory work is the first of its kind and highlights some favorable performance characteristics of gallium-alloy metal mirrors.

© 2024 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
Gregory S. Demos, Brittany N. Hoffman, John C. Lambropoulos, and Marcela Mireles "Laser-damage performance of gallium-alloy liquid metal mirrors," Optical Engineering 63(3), 037102 (7 March 2024). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.63.3.037102
Received: 27 November 2023; Accepted: 9 February 2024; Published: 7 March 2024
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KEYWORDS
Metals

Liquids

Mirrors

Gallium

Alloys

Laser damage threshold

Oxides

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