Aerosols are significant atmospheric constituents that modulate radiation and cloud processes. We evaluated 17-year aerosol profile trends in Barcelona, Spain, from lidar measurements. In summer aerosol reaches 5 km, while in the other seasons it exhibits clear exponential decay. Sahara dust transport affects all seasons, with winter layers above and others penetrating the boundary layer. This study informs the formation of haze and urban preservation strategies in the Mediterranean. The analysis puts in evidence that the averaged net radiative effect is of cooling at both surface level and top of the atmosphere.
Advances in interference filter technology permit currently using selected parts of the N2 and O2 pure rotational Raman spectra with very low temperature sensitivity, while rejecting sufficiently the elastic return. The Raman technique to retrieve the aerosol extinction coefficient can then be used with higher signal-to-noise ratios, because of a higher (about 8 times) effective differential backscatter cross-section as compared to the cross-section of the N2 vibro-rotational spectra. The design and results of pure rotational Raman channels at 354 nm and 530 nm allowing daytime aerosol extinction measurements implemented at the EARLINET/ACTRIS Barcelona lidar station are presented and discussed.
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