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The spin polarization of carriers in a direct-gap semiconductor is readily quantified by measuring the circular
polarization of the recombination light luminescence. However, in silicon, owing to its indirect band-gap, such
a direct connection between spin polarization and luminescence has been conspicuously absent. This missing
link is established with a theory that provides intuitive relations for phonon-assisted optical transitions
between the conduction and valence band edges. The theory is applied to explain recent experiments on
spin injection in silicon and further elucidate its desirable spin-dependent properties.
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