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23 May 2014 Three-dimensional chemical imaging of skin using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy
Dane M. Drutis, Thomas M. Hancewicz, Eugene Pashkovski, Lin Feng, Dawn Mihalov, Gary R. Holtom, Kavssery P. Ananthapadmanabhan, X. Sunney Xie, Manoj Misra
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Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 19, Issue 11, 111604 (May 2014). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.19.11.111604
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is used to generate structural and chemical three-dimensional images of native skin. We employed SRS microscopy to investigate the microanatomical features of skin and penetration of topically applied materials. Image depth stacks are collected at distinct wavelengths corresponding to vibrational modes of proteins, lipids, and water in the skin. We observed that corneocytes in stratum corneum are grouped together in clusters, 100 to 250 μm in diameter, separated by 10- to 25-μm-wide microanatomical skin-folds called canyons. These canyons occasionally extend down to depths comparable to that of the dermal–epidermal junction below the flat surface regions in porcine and human skin. SRS imaging shows the distribution of chemical species within cell clusters and canyons. Water is predominately located within the cell clusters, and its concentration rapidly increases at the transition from stratum corneum to viable epidermis. Canyons do not contain detectable levels of water and are rich in lipid material. Oleic acid-d 34 applied to the skin surface lines the canyons down to a depth of 50 μm below the surface of the skin. This observation could have implications on the evaluation of penetration profiles of bioactive materials measured using traditional methods, such as tape-stripping.
CC BY: © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.
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Dane M. Drutis, Thomas M. Hancewicz, Eugene Pashkovski, Lin Feng, Dawn Mihalov, Gary R. Holtom, Kavssery P. Ananthapadmanabhan, X. Sunney Xie, and Manoj Misra "Three-dimensional chemical imaging of skin using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy," Journal of Biomedical Optics 19(11), 111604 (23 May 2014). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.19.11.111604
Published: 23 May 2014
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Cited by 29 scholarly publications.
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KEYWORDS
Skin
Proteins
3D image processing
Imaging spectroscopy
Raman spectroscopy
Raman scattering
Microscopy
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