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14 August 2024 Tutorial on phantoms for photoacoustic imaging applications
Lina Hacker, James Joseph, Ledia Lilaj, Srirang Manohar, Aoife M. Ivory, Ran Tao, Sarah E. Bohndiek, Members of IPASC
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Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 29, Issue 8, 080801 (August 2024). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.29.8.080801
Abstract

Significance

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging technology that holds high promise in a wide range of clinical applications, but standardized methods for system testing are lacking, impeding objective device performance evaluation, calibration, and inter-device comparisons. To address this shortfall, this tutorial offers readers structured guidance in developing tissue-mimicking phantoms for photoacoustic applications with potential extensions to certain acoustic and optical imaging applications.

Aim

The tutorial review aims to summarize recommendations on phantom development for PAI applications to harmonize efforts in standardization and system calibration in the field.

Approach

The International Photoacoustic Standardization Consortium has conducted a consensus exercise to define recommendations for the development of tissue-mimicking phantoms in PAI.

Results

Recommendations on phantom development are summarized in seven defined steps, expanding from (1) general understanding of the imaging modality, definition of (2) relevant terminology and parameters and (3) phantom purposes, recommendation of (4) basic material properties, (5) material characterization methods, and (6) phantom design to (7) reproducibility efforts.

Conclusions

The tutorial offers a comprehensive framework for the development of tissue-mimicking phantoms in PAI to streamline efforts in system testing and push forward the advancement and translation of the technology.
CC BY: © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.
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Lina Hacker, James Joseph, Ledia Lilaj, Srirang Manohar, Aoife M. Ivory, Ran Tao, Sarah E. Bohndiek, and Members of IPASC "Tutorial on phantoms for photoacoustic imaging applications," Journal of Biomedical Optics 29(8), 080801 (14 August 2024). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.29.8.080801
Received: 12 April 2024; Accepted: 29 May 2024; Published: 14 August 2024
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KEYWORDS
Acoustics
Materials properties
Tissues
Standards development
Imaging systems
Photoacoustic imaging
Biomedical applications
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