Mr. Aditya Malik Profile

Aditya Malik

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Mirror-integrated ultrasound image-guided access

Yichuan Tang, Isaac Abouaf, Aditya Malik, Araceli Gonzalez, Arnav Mishra, Ryosuke Tsumura, Jakub Kaminski, Igor Sorokin, Haichong Zhang

Proceedings Volume 12034, 1203424 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2618139

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Acoustics, X-rays, Visibility, Image segmentation, X-ray imaging, Ultrasonography, RGB color model, Image analysis, Tissues

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Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL), is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for removal of kidney stones typically >1cm. The procedure involves inserting a needle through the patient’s skin into the kidney which is being more commonly performed now using ultrasound (US) guidance. Existing US image-guided needle insertion employed in PCNL faces the challenge in terms of keeping the needle tip visible during the insertion process. We propose a needle insertion mechanism with mirror-integrated US imaging, which provides an intuitive and simple solution to monitor the needle insertion path. This is achieved by using acoustic mirror to change the direction of the US image plane while the needle goes through the spacing in the middle of the acoustic mirror so that the needle path aligns with the US image plane. Both the needle and the acoustic mirror are designed to be rotatable to provide the clinician with the flexibility to search for the optimal needle insertion orientation. According to the law of acoustic wave reflection, the needle should rotate two times the amount of the mirror to keep aligned with the US image plane. A synchronization mechanism consisting of belts and pulleys was designed to achieve this 2:1 rotation ratio. Needle-mirror synchronized rotation is tested using an image-processing-based method. In terms of imaging functionality, US images display point targets inside the gelatin phantom as well as the needle tip clearly. In the needle insertion experiment, a needle is inserted into the gelatin phantom to reach point targets, and results show insertion errors <3mm. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of using the proposed US image-guided access mechanism in clinical scenarios.

Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Acoustic reflector-based three-dimensional ultrasound imaging

Yichuan Tang, Aditya Malik, Haichong Zhang

Proceedings Volume 11602, 116021D (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582027

KEYWORDS: Reflectors, 3D image processing, Ultrasonography, Synthetic aperture radar, Acoustics, Transducers, Image resolution, Image quality, Human-machine interfaces, Computer simulations

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The needle intervention is required in many clinical procedures such as lumbar puncture and lymph node biopsy. Ultrasound (US) imaging has been applied widely to guide procedures involving needle insertion. However, conventional 2D US image guidance provides a limited field of view (FOV) for the region of interest (ROI), especially toward the outof-plane axis. Also, a high level of hand-eye coordination is required to accurately place the needle to the target in tissue because the needle path and the image plane are not registered to each other. This paper p roposes a needle insertion mechanism that enables 3D US imaging to provide a larger FOV and thus assists clinicians in making better decisions about where to insert the needle. Besides 3D imaging functionality, the image plane and needle path are co-registered in the proposed mechanism to facilitate needle insertion. The proposed mechanism uses actuated acoustic reflectors to redirect acoustic waves to different parts of ROI. 2D image slices are collected along the elevation direction and are then focused on the elevation plane. Elevation focusing is achieved with a synthetic aperture focusing algorithm that considers the acoustic path geometry in the actuated reflector system. Both software simulation and imaging experiments using a prototype are carried out to validate the 3D imaging performance.The simulation and experiment results of point and wire phantoms validate the 3D imaging capa bility and suggest that image quality on the elevation plane after applying elevation focusing improved in terms of both resolution and signal to noise ratio. By providing clinicians with an extended FOV with improved image quality, the proposed mechanism has the potential to enable needle insertion with better efficiency and a higher success rate.

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