Hafnium-doped zinc oxide (HZO) has been recently demonstrated to be implemented as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) material in photovoltaic applications but its plasmonic properties are left untouched. In this work, we systematically investigate the plasmonic properties of gold nanoparticle (Au NP) arrays on thin HZO film, for different ratios of Hf dopants to Zinc oxide (ZnO) film. A localized surface plasmon resonant (LSPR) mode and two Bragg modes (due to the coupling of plasmon modes inside the film to array periodicity) are observed in the proposed structure. Resonant excitation of these modes produces large field enhancement at the surface of the NPs as well as Au NP/HZO film interface and was observed with FDTD simulations. The optimized plasmonic structure will be fabricated on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) using laser interference lithography, based on the plasmonic resonant position and the SERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering) intensity, and it will be integrated to a microfluidic device in the configuration of the lab-on-a-chip concept for biosensing applications.
Hematite is an appealing material for photoelectrochemical water splitting due to nearly ideal bandgap and Earth abundance. However, its short-distance hole transport has so far hindered exploiting its full potential. Two nanostructured transparent electrodes coated with a thin hematite layer are studied using full-field electromagnetic modeling. One structure comprises an ordered array of stripes of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) and the other is composed of a square-lattice array of TCO nanorods. We find that height and filling ratio (FR) of the nanostructured elements constitutes the most crucial design parameter where the tall nanostructures with small FR constitute the ideal design for a nanostructured electrode with resonant-size elements. The simulations show that current densities up to 10.4 mA cm−2 can be obtained in a 20-nm thick hematite layer uniformly coated onto a properly designed nanostructured transparent conductive scaffold. Practical permittivity data are used in the simulation and the results show that these structures are quite robust against irregularities that might occur during the fabrications process.
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