Future quantum networks will enable unprecedented applications, ranging from secure communication to quantum-sensor networks. Qubits based on single rare-earth ions are promising candidates to act as nodes in such networks. We make use of single Yb3+ ions in YVO4, embedded in photonic crystal cavities. The vanadium (V) nuclear spins provide a dense nuclear spin bath, which can be used to store quantum states. Due to the Yb ions' orientation relative to neighboring V spins, control has been limited to next-nearest-neighbor spins. We work towards extending the resources for quantum state storage by the development of the nearest-neighbor spin control, enabled by an off-axis off-chip radiofrequency drive. Furthermore, we investigate what limits the qubit lifetime and coherence, using a crystal with a lowered concentration of Yb and paramagnetic defects. Additionally, we study the effect of an interacting spin bath using a cluster correlation expansion model. This work will enable the further exploration of sensing protocols in complex spin environments, the development of coherence preserving pulse sequences, and storage of quantum states in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces.
Quantum optical networks will enable distribution of quantum entanglement at long distances, with applications including interconnects between future quantum computers and secure quantum communications. I will present our recent work on developing quantum networking components based on rare-earth ions such as single optically addressable quantum bits based on ytterbium 171 in yttrium orthovanadate, microwave to optical transducers based on erbium doped crystals coupled to microwave and optical resonators, and on-chip telecom optical quantum memories.
Optical quantum networks for distributing entanglement between quantum machines will enable distributed quantum computing, secure communications and new sensing methods. These networks will contain quantum transducers for connecting computing qubits to travelling optical photon qubits, and quantum repeater links for distributing entanglement at long distances. In this talk I present implementations of quantum hardware for repeaters and transducers using nano-photonics and rare-earth ions, like ytterbium and erbium, exhibiting highly coherent optical and spin transitions in a solid-state environment. In particular, i discuss optically addressable single quantum bits with single shot readout based on ytterbium 171 atoms, and on-chip storage and processing of photons using erbium ensembles coupled to silicon photonics.
Higher-order modes are controllably excited in water-filled kagomè-, bandgap-style, and simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCF). A spatial light modulator is used to create amplitude and phase distributions that closely match those of the fiber modes, resulting in typical launch efficiencies of 10–20% into the liquid-filled core. Modes, excited across the visible wavelength range, closely resemble those observed in air-filled kagomè HC-PCF and match numerical simulations. These results provide a framework for spatially-resolved sensing in HC-PCF microreactors and fiber-based optical manipulation.
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