Dr. Bonnie Posselt Profile

Dr. Bonnie Posselt

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2022 Presentation + Paper

Simulating global misalignment of a binocular HMD during a flying and target discrimination task

Eric Seemiller, Geno Imel, Jason Russi, Bonnie Posselt, Charles Bullock, Marc Winterbottom

Proceedings Volume 12125, 1212506 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2607511

KEYWORDS: Head-mounted displays, Visualization, Heads up displays, Augmented reality, Eye

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Binocular head-mounted displays (HMD) utilizing augmented reality (AR) strategies can greatly increase the information that reaches the visual system of the user. For example, binocular presentation allows for elements to appear in stereoscopic depth and with a higher perceived resolution and AR can improve the quality of a low visibility scene. But with two independent optical channels, a binocular HMD can easily become misaligned, which can potentially be detrimental to both performance and comfort (Gavrilescu et al., 2019; SPIE DCS). Here, we quantify the effect that global binocular misalignment in an HMD has on both operational and visual performance during a simulated flying task. Using a platform consisting of 3 85-inch displays providing out-the-window imagery and head-tracked AR overlay (e.g., DAS) within the HMD (Posselt et al., 2021; SPIE DCS), subjects were instructed to adhere to flight commands while periodically discriminating the orientation of a target aircraft. In different blocks the two optics of the HMD were either well-aligned, misaligned vertically by 0.67°, or rolled in opposite directions by 4°. In the well-aligned condition, subjects could discriminate the orientation of the target plane on average nearly 1000 ft farther than in either of the misaligned conditions. Curiously, adherence to the flight commands was affected only by the vertical misalignment, which may represent a strategy of selectively ignoring grossly misaligned imagery in one eye. These results obviate the need to quantify and maintain well-aligned visual channels in binocular HMDs that utilize AR imagery.

Proceedings Article | 10 May 2021 Presentation + Paper

Does individual stereo acuity affect performance using stereo 3D in a helmet mounted display?

Bonnie Posselt, Eric Seemiller, Eric Palmer, Geno Imel, Marc Winterbottom, Steve Hadley

Proceedings Volume 11759, 117590B (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588017

KEYWORDS: Head-mounted displays, 3D displays, Visualization, Stereoscopic displays, Situational awareness sensors, Photonics

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A pilot’s Helmet-Mounted Display (HMD) is now a critical part of the aircraft system. Next generation HMDs will be able to display information and imagery binocularly, with stereoscopic depth. Stereo 3D (S3D) can potentially be used to enhance situational awareness and improve performance. The degree to which performance is improved may be linked to individual visual capabilities of the user, in particular, stereo acuity. Stereo acuity varies tremendously in the general population with up to 30% being classed as ‘stereo blind’. For most military aviators there is a minimum stereo acuity standard, however current test methods are crude and fallible. Many previous S3D studies do not accurately characterize individual stereo acuity, and in some cases do not even screen for its presence, making their results difficult to interpret. The Operational Based Vision Assessment (OBVA) laboratory has developed a flight simulation platform using an SA Photonics SA-62 HMD to display stereoscopic symbology and five 85-inch displays to provide the “out the window” view. After completing a battery of vision tests, participants fly various mission profiles while responding to a combination of navigational instructions and warning alerts displayed in the HMD. The warning alerts are displayed in 2D (flashing at 1 Hz), intermittent S3D (flashing on and off at depth), persistent S3D (alternating between 2 depth planes), and dynamic S3D (motion in depth). We present preliminary data examining whether a stereoscopic HMD could be used to improve performance when responding to a critical warning alert, and discuss potential implications for military aviator vision standards as well as HMD requirements

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