Coherent optical communication technology is currently a hotpot research of communication. Coherent optical communication heterodyne synchronous receiving system is researched. The basic principle of coherent optical communication is introduced in briefly, the heterodyne synchronous receiving system is established in the basis of the principle. A simulation model, charactered as Synchronous receiving system of Coherent Heterodyne, was rightly set up. In addition, with regarding actual device parameters as reference, and under the situation of 2.5Gbps communication rate and 10km as communication distance, Optisystem was operating to accomplish simulation analysis for capacity of this system in different signal-radiation rate and distinguish weather condition. The consequence of simulation demonstrated: as the receiving sensitivity is relatively high when compared communication system of coherent heterodyne to that of IM/DD, the coherent optical communication system has lower requirement to signal rate of radiated laser in the same condition. Consequently, it can be concluded that coherent heterodyne system has high receiving sensitivity, and strong capacity of resisting disturbance, moreover it is appropriately communicated in channel with relatively high disturbance, it possesses great advantages to IM/DD method in atmosphere channel which has strong disturbance.
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