Intense near-fields of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excited with femtosecond (fs) laser pulses can sculpt nanometer-size structures on various kinds of solid materials through ablation. To control the formation, we need to understand the characteristic properties of the SPPs such as plasmon wavelength, damping, and spatial modes. Recently we succeeded to measure surface plasmon resonance curves of Si gratings with the intense p-polarized 100-fs laser pulses and observe the nanoablation on the surface. The experimental results and calculation for model targets have shown that SPPs with low internal damping can be excited with the fs pulse at higher fluence. This indicates that the propagation length of SPPs on Si can be controlled by the laser fluence of fs laser pulses.
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