A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pressure sensor using a composite structure comprising a square diaphragm, steel trusses, and vertical beams is proposed and studied. The deflection of the square diaphragm due to the applied pressure is transferred as an axial force on the FBG mounted at the end of the vertical beams. Measurement principle and stress analysis of the pressure sensor are introduced. The experimental results indicate that the pressure sensitivity of the sensor is 622.71  pm  /  MPa across the range of 0 to 2 MPa with a good linearity recorded at 99.996%, and the hysteresis and repeatability of the pressure sensor are calculated to be 0.6639% full-scale output (FSO) and 0.2773% FSO, respectively. In addition, the relative error of the sensor after temperature compensation was found to be 1.46%, which indicates an effective elimination of the effect of the temperature on pressure measurement.