Considering ecotoxicological effects on environmental and biota of a wide range of organic pollutants a stricter and
combative campaign emerged at worldwide level in terms of their use and discharge into the environment. In the last
decades, only in the European Union were created a large number of restrictive regulations of such organic chemicals,
regulations that extend to all environmental matrices as water – European Water Framework Directive (WFD-
2000/60/EC), marine environment – European Marine Strategy Directive (MSD-2008/56/EC), soil – European Soil
Framework Directive (SFD-2004/35/EC) and for different departments as chemical safety and use or biocides use,
European Regulation for Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and Biocides
Directive (Council Directive 98/8/EC), respectively. Today mutagenic pollutants as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) are widely present at global scale, acting continuously on “biota’s health”. Therefore improvement of mass
spectrometric detection of PAHs and their possible metabolites become an important issue in eco-toxicological fields.
Once to could perform their mass spectrometric analysis optimization of PAH compounds isolation from complex
biological matrixes (as vegetal, animals and human biological samples) had to be made. As isolation technique solid
phase microextraction (SPME), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and headspace extraction- solid phase microextraction
(HS-SPME) were improved obtaining the recovery factors between 72 – 118 %. Optimization of chromatographic-mass
spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis procedures of these mutagenic species permitted their detection from such complex
biological matrixes at very trace levels, namely between 0.06 – 0.47 ng⋅kg-1 dry weight.
A REC model (Rate Estimation from Concentrations) numerical procedure was adapted in order to estimate the
production rate of selected fatty acids in some mushroom species. The production as well the distribution of these target
compounds was evaluated at whole mushroom bodies as well at its different anatomical compartments. These new
numerical procedure was tested with some artificial tests as well with multiple real measurements of fatty acids from all
anatomical compartments of studied mushroom species. Fatty acids analyses from mushroom samples were done on gas
chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) system after a derivatization step. The amount of fatty acid methyl esters
(FAMEs) from mushroom body samples ranged between 0.5 – 29.4 ng⋅kg-1 dry weights. Obtained results showed that
this adapted numerical approach is optimal to estimate robust and reasonable rate and distribution profiles for relative
concentration measurements of fatty acids, uncertainty being no larger than 10 %.
Amanita is one of the most well known basidiomycetes genus throughout the world because some of its species
that are acknowledged due to their toxic and/or hallucinogenic properties. Considering these properties in the last
decades become more important for scientist to dignify exactly the chemical content of these mushroom species. Latter
researches shown that A. phalloides contain two main groups of toxins: the amatoxins and the phallotoxins. As regards
A. rubescens there are not so much studies referring to its biochemical "fingerprint".
Two species (A. rubescens and A. phalloides) of Amanita genus were studied in order to determine the
biochemical hall-mark at nanoscale for these basidiomycete's species. Parts as caps, gills, flesh and stem of these
mushrooms were analyzed on quadrupole mass spectrometer engaged with a gas chromatograph (GC-qMS) using
selective ion monitoring mode (SIM). The biochemical profiles of these species had shown the presence of compounds
like fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), alkaloids, and volatile compounds (including alcohol compounds, carbonyl
compounds, terpenes). The levels of biochemical compounds from these species were compared between the two types
of species and also between young, mature and old samples for the same species as well as between the parts of
mushroom.
After this comparison were between the two species it was observed that in case of A. phalloides the alkaloid
content were higher usually with almost 50 %. As regards presence of volatile compounds they have almost similar level
in both mushroom species. Considering the levels of fatty acid methyl esters, their levels were higher with 30 - 40 % in
case of A. rubescens.
Biomonitoring studies for estimation population health surveillance and exposure risk assessment of different
chemical contaminants such as chlorinated compounds or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds has
become an important task especially after the Stockholm Convention. If before the toxicological evaluation of humans
were done using invasive methods like surgery or pricking, today many scientists tried to elaborate non-invasive
analytical methods without disparage the final results.
During the last years studies it was observed a relative higher pollution with organochlorine and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in surrounding regions of Dej, Transylvania. These past studies shown that pollution
with chlorinated compounds as chlorinated solvents are attributed to the industrial activities from this region. The levels
in soil and river water of these compounds were: ≈ 20 - 60 μg·kg-1 and ≈ 15 - 45 μg·L-1, respectively. In case of PAHs
the following results were obtained for soil and river water: for two ring specie was between ≈ 26 - 35 μg·kg-1 and ≈ 21
- 30 μg·L-1, respectively; for three ring species was 15 - 35 μg·kg-1 and ≈ 10 - 24 μg·L-1, respectively; and in case of
four ring species was between 10 - 20 μg·kg-1 and ≈ 3 - 15 μg·L-1, respectively.
These results carry on concern regarding the bioaccumulation of these pollutants by humans through food web
chain. In order to establish the uptake level of these compounds by humans, home grown animal hair as pig and cow
were analyzed through SIM-GC-MS mode and ECD-FID-GC. The presence of chlorinated solvents detected in pig and
cows hair were as follows: compounds from chloromethane family ≈ 5 - 10 ng·kg-1 dry weight; compounds from
chloroethane family ≈ 7 - 34 ng·kg-1 dry weight for pig hair, and ≈ 12 - 17 ng·kg-1 dry weight for compounds from
chloromethane family and 14 - 48 ng·kg-1 dry weight for cow hair. Difference between accumulation levels of PAH
metabolites were observed also between cow and pig hair samples.
Exposures to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in residential drinking water occur through multiple routes and vary across the population because of differences in the amount and ways people use water. Municipal water in the Romania is disinfected, with chlorine being the most common disinfectant agent. Disinfection of water, in additional to having the benefit of destroying microbes that can transmit diseases, has the drawback of producing a series of compounds known as disinfection by-products (DBPs). Chlorination produces many compounds containing chlorine and/or bromine, some of which have been shown to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, and/or teratogenic in animal studies. The most abundant class of DBPs that result from chlorination of drinking water are trihalomethanes (THMs) - chloroform (CHCl3), dichlorobromomethane (CHCl2Br), dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl) and bromoform (CHBr3). The most predominant THM species was CHCl3 and it highest concentration was 85∙106 ng/m3. The others THMs compounds concentration were lower, between 65∙104 ng/m3 and 12∙106 ng/m3. THMs compounds were analyzed on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS) and head space technique (HS) was used for all analysis.
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