Dr. Eric J. Korevaar Profile

Dr. Eric J. Korevaar

President at MRV Communications Inc

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (24)

Proceedings Article | 30 April 2003 Paper

Atmospheric propagation characteristics of highest importance to commercial free space optics

Eric Korevaar, Isaac Kim, Bruce McArthur

Proceedings Volume 4976, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.483804

KEYWORDS: Free space optics, Signal attenuation, Visibility, Visibility through fog, Scintillation, Transmitters, Receivers, Atmospheric propagation, Fiber optic gyroscopes, Microwave radiation

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Proceedings Article | 6 December 2002 Paper

Debunking the recurring myth of a magic wavelength for free-space optics

Eric Korevaar, Isaac Kim, Bruce McArthur

Proceedings Volume 4873, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460580

KEYWORDS: Fiber optic gyroscopes, Signal attenuation, Particles, Clouds, Free space optics, Mie scattering, Scattering, Wave propagation, Refraction, Atmospheric propagation

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Proceedings Article | 27 November 2001 Paper

Availability of free-space optics (FSO) and hybrid FSO/RF systems

Isaac Kim, Eric Korevaar

Proceedings Volume 4530, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.449800

KEYWORDS: Free space optics, Visibility, Signal attenuation, Fiber optic gyroscopes, Visibility through fog, Microwave radiation, Radon, Atmospheric optics, Lanthanum, Fiber lasers

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Free Space Optics (FSO) has become a viable, high-bandwidth wireless alternative to fiber optic cabling. The primary advantages of FSO over fiber are its rapid deployment time and significant cost savings. The disadvantage of FSO over fiber is that laser power attenuation through the atmosphere is variable and difficult to predict, since it is weather airports, the link availability as a function of distance can be predicted for any FSO system. These availability curves provide a good indication of the reasonable link distances for FSO systems in a particular geographical area. FSO link distances can vary greatly from desert areas like Las Vegas to heavy-fog cities like St. Johns NF. Another factor in determining FSO distance limitations is the link availability expectation of the application. For enterprise applications, link availability requirements are generally greater than 99%. This allows for longer FSO link ranges, based on the availability curves. The enterprise market is where the majority of FSO systems have been deployed. The carriers and ISPs are another potential large user of FSO systems, especially for last-mile metro access applications. If FSO systems are to be used in telecommunication applications, they will need to meet much higher availability requirements. Carrier-class availability is generally considered to be 99.999% (5 nines). An analysis of link budgets and visibility-limiting weather conditions indicates that to meet carrier-class availability, FSO links should normally be less than 140m (there are cities like Phoenix and Las Vegas where this 99.999% distance limitation increases significantly). This calculation is based on a 53 dB link budget. This concept is extended to the best possible FSO system, which would have a 10 W transmitter and a photocounting detector with a sensitivity of 1 nW. This FSO system would have a 100 dB link margin, which would only increase the 99.999% link distance to 286 m. A more practical solution to extending the high availability range would be to back up the FSO link with a lower data rate radio frequency (RF) link. This hybrid FSO/RF system would extend the 99.999% link range to longer distances and open up a much larger metro/access market to the carriers. It is important to realize that as the link range increases, there will be a slight decrease in overall bandwidth. To show the geographical dependence of FSO performance, the first map of FSO availabilities contoured over North America is presented. This map is the first step to developing an attenuation map for predicting FSO performance, which could be used in similar fashion to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)/Crane maps for predicting microwave performance.

Proceedings Article | 20 June 2001 Paper

Lessons learned for STRV-2 satellite-to-ground lasercom experiment

Isaac Kim, Brian Riley, Nicholas Wong, Mary Mitchell, Wesley Brown, Harel Hakakha, Prasanna Adhikari, Eric Korevaar

Proceedings Volume 4272, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.430772

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Laser communications, Telescopes, Satellite communications, Cameras, Space operations, CCD cameras, Laser applications, Laser missile defense, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 6 February 2001 Paper

Comparison of laser beam propagation at 785 nm and 1550 nm in fog and haze for optical wireless communications

Isaac Kim, Bruce McArthur, Eric Korevaar

Proceedings Volume 4214, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.417512

KEYWORDS: Signal attenuation, Fiber optic gyroscopes, Scattering, Visibility through fog, Visibility, Laser scattering, Atmospheric particles, Mie scattering, Air contamination, Particles

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Proceedings Article | 7 November 2000 Paper

Space Technology Research Vehicle (STRV)-2 program

James Shoemaker, Paul Brooks, Eric Korevaar, Graham Arnold, Alok Das, John Stubstad, R. Hay

Proceedings Volume 4136, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.406655

KEYWORDS: Space operations, Satellites, Mid-IR, Sensors, Control systems, Defense and security, Imaging systems, Data communications, Composites, Environmental sensing

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2000 Paper

Preliminary results of the STRV-2 satellite-to-ground lasercom experiment

Isaac Kim, Harel Hakakha, Brian Riley, Nicholas Wong, Mary Mitchell, Russell Howe, Carter Moursund, Wesley Brown, Prasanna Adhikari, Arunabh Lath, Eric Korevaar

Proceedings Volume 3932, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.384315

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Laser communications, Satellite communications, Telescopes, CCD cameras, Charge-coupled devices, Data communications, Avalanche photodetectors, Hubble Space Telescope, Space telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 1999 Paper

Measurement of scintillation for free-space laser communication at 785 nm and 1550 nm

Isaac Kim, Mary Mitchell, Eric Korevaar

Proceedings Volume 3850, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.372823

KEYWORDS: Scintillation, Transmitters, Laser systems engineering, Silicon, Sensors, Turbulence, Eye, Telescopes, Optical amplifiers, Receivers

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Proceedings Article | 26 April 1999 Paper

Horizontal-link performance of the STRV-2 lasercom experiment ground terminals

Isaac Kim, Eric Korevaar, Harel Hakakha, Ron Stieger, Brian Riley, Mary Mitchell, Nicholas Wong, Arunabh Lath, Carter Moursund, Micah Barclay, John Schuster

Proceedings Volume 3615, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.346179

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Telescopes, Satellite communications, Electronics, Laser communications, Scintillation, Avalanche photodetectors, Mirrors, CCD cameras, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 27 January 1999 Paper

2.4-km free-space optical communication 1550-nm transmission link operating at 2.5 Gb/s: experimental results

Paul Szajowski, Gerald Nykolak, James Auborn, Herman Presby, G. Tourgee, Eric Korevaar, John Schuster, Isaac Kim

Proceedings Volume 3532, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.338979

KEYWORDS: Free space optics, Scintillation, Telescopes, Atmospheric optics, Atmospheric propagation, Receivers, Atmospheric particles, Telecommunications, Atmospheric scintillation, Mirrors

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 December 1998

Wireless optical transmission of fast ethernet, FDDI, ATM, and ESCON protocol data using the TerraLink laser communication system

Isaac Kim, Ron Stieger, Joseph Koontz, Carter Moursund, Micah Barclay, Prasanna Adhikari, John Schuster, Eric Korevaar, Richard Ruigrok, Casimer DeCusatis

OE, Vol. 37, Issue 12, (December 1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.601981

KEYWORDS: Visibility, Signal attenuation, Laser communications, Scintillation, Visibility through fog, Telecommunications, Transmittance, Laser systems engineering, Local area networks, Data communications

Proceedings Article | 27 May 1998 Paper

Design of a ground terminal for the STRV-2 satellite-to-ground lasercom experiment

Eric Korevaar, John Schuster, Harel Hakakha, Ron Stieger, Prasanna Adhikari, Brian Riley, Carter Moursund, Joseph Koontz, Arunabh Lath, Micah Barclay

Proceedings Volume 3266, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308705

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Telescopes, Laser communications, Data communications, Mirrors, Satellite communications, Cameras, Transmitters, Avalanche photodetectors, Scintillation

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Proceedings Article | 27 May 1998 Paper

Results of the STRV-2 lasercom terminal evaluation tests

Abhijit Biswas, George Williams, Keith Wilson, Harel Hakakha, Ron Stieger, Eric Korevaar

Proceedings Volume 3266, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308694

KEYWORDS: Transmitters, Receivers, Sensors, Avalanche photodetectors, Cameras, Laser missile defense, Telescopes, Modulation, Optical communications, Satellites

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The STRV-2 lasercom terminal (LCT) was designed and developed by AstroTerra Corporation of San Diego, California, under funding from the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO). Scheduled for launch in late 1998 it will be used to demonstrate, for the first time, high data rate bi-directional satellite-to-ground optical communications. Concurrently with the development of the STRV-2 lasercom NASA/JPL was assembling the lasercom test and evaluation station (LTES), a high quality test platform for pre-flight characterization of optical communications terminals. The respective development schedules allowed evaluation of the STRV-2 LCT using LTES, for a month, prior to integration of the LCT with the spacecraft palette. Final co-alignment of the transmitter lasers to within plus or minus 20 (mu) rads with respect to the receive axis was achieved. This in turn allowed the specified 76 (mu) rad transmit beam divergence to be realized. However, subjecting the LCT to expected on-orbit temperatures revealed that the co-alignment deteriorated causing beam spreading, a finding which prompted the recommendation to operate the lasers warmed up during ground encounters. The 'bent-pipe' operation bit-error rates (BER) at 155, 194 and 325 Mbps were less than or equal to 1E - 10 over an approximately 20 dB range of irradiance measured at the receive telescope aperture. At 500 Mbps BER's of 1E-6 were achieved over an approximately 6 dB irradiance range, suggesting greater vulnerability to atmosphere induced fades. A pointing offset between the acquisition receivers and transmitter lasers of 1 mrad was measured. The impact of this offset will be to limit acquisition camera framing rates to 87 and 251 Hz, thus limiting the tracking loop bandwidth. Tracking performance test of the lasercom terminal, though planned could not be carried out because the software was not ready at the time of testing with LTES. The test results obtained for STRV-2 lasercom terminal will be used for designing the ground receiver.

Proceedings Article | 23 January 1998 Paper

Measurement of scintillation and link margin for the TerraLink laser communication system

Isaac Kim, Joseph Koontz, Harel Hakakha, Prasanna Adhikari, Ron Stieger, Carter Moursund, Micah Barclay, Alyssa Stanford, Richard Ruigrok, John Schuster, Eric Korevaar

Proceedings Volume 3232, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.301021

KEYWORDS: Laser communications, Scintillation, Telecommunications, Laser systems engineering, Data communications, Telescopes, PIN photodiodes, Atmospheric modeling, Signal attenuation

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Proceedings Article | 24 April 1997 Paper

Scintillation reduction using multiple transmitters

Isaac Kim, Harel Hakakha, Prasanna Adhikari, Eric Korevaar, Arun Majumdar

Proceedings Volume 2990, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.273685

KEYWORDS: Transmitters, Scintillation, Satellites, Electronics, Data acquisition, Telescopes, Receivers, Satellite communications, Signal detection, Statistical analysis

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Proceedings Article | 24 April 1997 Paper

Description of STRV-2 lasercom experimental operations

Eric Korevaar, John Schuster, Prasanna Adhikari, Harel Hakakha, Richard Ruigrok, Ron Stieger, Lee Fletcher, Brian Riley

Proceedings Volume 2990, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.273710

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Laser communications, Data communications, Satellite communications, Cameras, Switches, Defense and security, Transceivers, Missiles, Laser development

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Proceedings Article | 24 April 1997 Paper

Description of STRV-2 lasercom flight hardware

Eric Korevaar, John Schuster, Prasanna Adhikari, Harel Hakakha, Richard Ruigrok, Ron Stieger, Lee Fletcher, Brian Riley

Proceedings Volume 2990, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.273708

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Laser communications, Electronics, Transceivers, Telescopes, Receivers, Data communications, Satellite communications, Optical filters, Bandpass filters

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Proceedings Article | 22 April 1996 Paper

Proposed near-term, 1-Gbps space laser communications demonstration system

David Begley, William Casey, Mike Kahn, Robert Marshalek, Eric Korevaar, Dilip Paul, James Freidell, G. Stephen Mecherle, Scott Bloom

Proceedings Volume 2699, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.238431

KEYWORDS: Space operations, Telecommunications, Laser communications, LCDs, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Satellites, Laser systems engineering, Sensors, Airborne laser technology

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Proceedings Article | 22 April 1996 Paper

Optomechanical design of STRV-2 lasercom transceiver using novel azimuth/slant gimbal

John Schuster, Harel Hakakha, Eric Korevaar

Proceedings Volume 2699, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.238415

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Laser communications, Telescopes, Data communications, Composites, Cameras, Optical filters, Sensors, CCD cameras, Satellite communications

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 1996 Paper

Three-dimensional volumetric display in rubidium vapor

Isaac Kim, Eric Korevaar, Harel Hakakha

Proceedings Volume 2650, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237014

KEYWORDS: Rubidium, 3D displays, Semiconductor lasers, 3D scanning, Mirrors, Chemical species, Laser scanners, 3D image processing, Absorption, Luminescence

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 1995 Paper

Design of satellite terminal for Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) lasercom technology demonstration

Eric Korevaar, Rudolf Hofmeister, John Schuster, C. Chow-Miller, Prasanna Adhikari, Harel Hakakha, D. Cuthbert, Richard Ruigrok

Proceedings Volume 2381, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.207427

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Laser communications, Receivers, Data communications, Transceivers, Polarization, Laser applications, CCD cameras, Optical filters, Transmitters

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Proceedings Article | 16 August 1994 Paper

Status of BMDO/IST lasercom advanced technology demonstration

Eric Korevaar, John Schuster, Scott Bloom, Victor Chan, Irene Chen, Carrey Foster, C. Liu, Amy Low, Michael Rivers, Kevin Slatnick

Proceedings Volume 2123, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.184640

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Laser communications, Receivers, Optical filters, Data communications, Telescopes, Laser applications, Satellite communications, Transceivers, Transmitters

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Proceedings Article | 6 August 1993 Paper

Status of SDIO/IS&T lasercom testbed program

Eric Korevaar, Scott Bloom, Kevin Slatnick, Victor Chan, Irene Chen, Michael Rivers, Carrey Foster, Kyunam Choi, C. Liu

Proceedings Volume 1866, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.149249

KEYWORDS: Optical filters, Laser communications, Data communications, Bandpass filters, Semiconductor lasers, Satellites, Transceivers, Electronic filtering, Sensors, Algorithm development

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Proceedings Article | 9 June 1993 Paper

Electron-beam-activated diamond switch experiments

Shiow-Hwa Lin, Lawrence Sverdrup, Kristine Garner, Eric Korevaar, Charles Cason, Chester Phillips

Proceedings Volume 1873, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.146556

KEYWORDS: Diamond, Switches, Electron beams, Electrodes, Semiconducting wafers, Switching, Resistance, Pulsed laser operation, Modulation, Semiconductors

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