Experimentally, strong localization of electromagnetic waves in three dimensions has never been achieved, despite extensive studies. Moving away from the paradigm of disordered systems, we perform microwave transport experiments in planar aperiodic Vogel spiral arrays of cylinders with high dielectric permittivity. By characterizing the electromagnetic modal structure in real space, we observe combinations of long-lived modes with Gaussian, exponential, and power law spatial decay. This distinctive modal structure, not present in conventional photonic materials with periodic or disordered structures, is the cause of significant electromagnetic wave localization that persists even in a three-dimensional environment.
Reciever protectors (RP) shield sensitive electronics from high-power electromagnetic signals that might damage them. Typical RP schemes range from simple fusing and PIN diodes to superconducting circuits and plasma cells -- each having a variety of drawbacks ranging from unacceptable system downtime and self-destruction to significant insertion losses and power consumption. We introduce a class of non-Hermitian photonic receiver protectors that are self-protected from overheating effects induced via high-level incident electromagnetic radiation, due to a self-regulating impedance mismatching mechanism that turns them into near-perfect reflectors. At low-power incident signals, these receiver protectors demonstrate high transmittance via a nonlinear defect mode. In this limit, they also demonstrate a high tolerance to fabrication imperfections due to topological protection, imposed via a charge-conjugation symmetry.
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