Laser beam welding is a necessary and helpful tool in modern production technology. It provides low and located heat input, narrow weld widths, high welding speeds and weld depths. Nevertheless, in the weld metal and the surrounding area the microstructure and the mechanical characteristics can be changed afterwards. A decrease of strength and fatigue life is a possible result. To realize a manipulation or control of the weld metal’s microstructure during the welding process is a great challenge. Improving the strength as well as the homogeneity of mechanical properties and chemical composition are the aims of this approach. With indirect introduced ultrasonic amplitudes, the weld pool dynamics and the solidification are affected. The investigation focusses on the effects in the microstructure of high power (8 kW) laser beam welded stainless steel (AISI 304) with weld depths up to 15 mm. For two different amplitudes (3 and 6 μm) and three different positions of the weld pool in the vibration distribution (antinode, centered and node position) the weld metal is evaluated with metallographic cross sections. The types and the amount of microstructures are analyzed. The solidification of the weld metal is influenced by the vibration. Thus, the orientation, size and growth of the grains as well as the growth direction are changed. Furthermore, the weld characteristics (weld depth, weld width, weld area) are compared to the previously considered aspects.
Ultrasonic mechanical vibrations in solids are widely used in non-destructive testing, and high-power applications such as ultrasonic welding or soldering. The visualization of ultrasonic wave propagation in transparent solids is helpful for understanding the ultrasonic behaviours. The classical method of photoelasticity allows the visualization of the static stress distribution in birefringent materials. Utilizing recent high-power LEDs in the photoelasticity allows to capture dynamic stresses by high frequency stroboscopic light. High frequency stationary and transient oscillation processes in elastic solids can be visualized with this method. The designed LED array in this paper has a dimension of 210 mm_300 mm, and every LED has distance of 38mm to each other, and the light intensity has a homogeneity value. The temporal and spatial resolution of stress-optic systems depends mainly on the dynamic properties of the lighting technology used. The high speed synchronization of the stroboscopic light sources results in a high temporal resolution of the photoelasticity analyses. This enables the photoelastic investigation of highly dynamic load conditions, such as longitudinal waves and transverse waves.
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