In this paper, a novel fiber bundle probe which can transfer energy and provide a real-time feedback signal of fiber positions simultaneously is proposed and demonstrated experimentally to improve the fiber positioning accuracy of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). The fiber bundle probe is composed of four asteroid cores around a transmitting energy core at the center of the fiber bundle probe. The excitation characteristics were investigated numerically when a light spot illuminates on the end of the five-core fiber bundle probe. The calculated result shows that the fiber bundle probe can provide a real-time feedback signal when the offset between the center of end of probe and the light spot is in the range of -349.5 ~ -99.5 μm and 99.5 ~ 349.5 μm. Then the fiber bundle probe is fabricated by stacking-capillary method.
Except for the spectroscopic survey telescope LAMOST, there are only two 2m class general purpose telescopes for precision observation in China (2.16m in Xinglong and 2.4m in Lijiang). Chinese astronomical community unanimously agrees that a 10m class large diameter general purpose optical/infrared telescope is urgently needed in China for a wide range of scientific research. The configuration for LOT with primary aperture 12m has been selected by Chinese government for the Thirteen-five-years plan in July, 2016. The concept design introduced here has been approved by Chinese astronomical community and Chinese Academy of Sciences in Dec. 2017, and submitted into the formal funding procedure of Chinese government. For quite a long time, China will very likely have only one 10m class telescope, therefore LOT should be a general-purpose telescope including multi-foci. The Nasmyth focus, prime focus, Cassegrain focus and coudé focus have been considered or reserved. Also, LOT will closely combine with the development of new technologies, such as AO, GLAO, fiber and instrument related new technologies, to make it has powerful capability for the frontier sciences. The four-mirror Nasmyth system, optimized according to the GLAO requirements, has a f-ratio about 14 and field of view 14 arecmin with excellent image quality. Some off-axis four-mirror Nasmyth optical systems are also presented in this paper. The primary focus system has a f-ratio 2 and 1.5degree field of view with 80% light energy encircled in 0.5 arecsec, which will let LOT complementary with the coming 30m-class telescopes. A double–layer Nasmyth platforms are proposed to accommodate more instruments, such as the wide field imaging spectrograph, broad band medium resolution spectrograph, high resolution spectrograph and multi-object fiber spectrographs and so on. Not all optical systems will be constructed in the same time, which will be in stages depending on the science and funding situation.
The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer is designed to be the largest non-ELT optical/NIR astronomical telescope, and will be a fully dedicated facility for multi-object spectroscopy over a broad range of spectral resolutions. The MSE design has progressed from feasibility concept into its current baseline design where the system configuration of main systems such as telescope, enclosure, summit facilities and instrument are fully defined. This paper will describe the engineering development of the main systems, and discuss the trade studies to determine the optimal telescope and multiplexing designs and how their findings are incorporated in the current baseline design.
The closed-loop correction must be carry out before observation of Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) to eliminate the low-frequency errors. A natural guide star S-H sensor in the focal plane of LAMOST is used to conduct wave-front sensing. The designed limiting magnitude of the S-H sensor is 10th magnitude, and the beacon must be located in the center of field of view, or slightly deviated from the center. The survey time of LAMOST is 2 hours before and after transit, wherefore the active optical correction should be completed within half of an hour, so it is necessary to make the wave-front sensing time as short as possible. Since the magnitude of guide star and atmospheric seeing have important effect on the efficiency of wave-front sensing, 9th magnitude or brighter stars are adopted in operation. For 9th magnitude stars, sky coverage will be about 100%, but at most of time, the beacons are not located in the center of field of view, so we propose to design a laser guide system based on Rayleigh scattering to provide a beacon whose brightness is equivalent to a 7th or 8th magnitude star and to launch the beacon in the center of field of view at any observational sky. In this paper, we describe the optical design of the implementation involved a laser system with 532nm in wavelength, beam diagnostics, a launch telescope with 350mm in diameter, and receiving system.
Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) is a large aperture and wide field telescope
whose image quality requirement at Xinglong station is 80% light energy within 2 arcsecond. In fact, the designed image
quality of the central field of view is diffraction limited under optical wavelength. Due to the 60m long light path and
poor natural seeing, dome seeing and other errors, the image quality is averaged about 0.5arcsecond to 1 arcsecond. We
consider deploying a low-order adaptive optics system on LAMOST to improve seeing conditions and the corresponding
image quality. Based on the sounding balloon results on Xinglong Station, we make the numerical simulation of the AO
performance and get Fried parameter, the final point spread function (PSF) characteristics of LAMOST including Strehl
ratio, full width at half- maximum (FWHM), and the residual variance.
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