A high-fidelity reversible data hiding (RDH) algorithm using a discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients energy analysis-based predictor and optimized embedding is proposed. The algorithm utilizes the characteristic of energy distribution of natural image DCT coefficients to predict pixel values, which improves the prediction accuracy over conventional methods. Moreover, the algorithm establishes a pure load-image distortion function, which can be used to find optimized pixel expansion direction, secret message embedding location, and pixel sorting/selection threshold in each round of the multipass embedding process. Thus, the algorithm can better balance both image quality and data hiding capacity. Experimental results show that for high-fidelity RDH applications, comparing with several classical methods, the proposed algorithm always produces a high quality stego image in the same embedding capacity.
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