Crosstalk is a phenomenon in stereoscopy where an image becomes blurry due to leakage of the left image into
the right eye and vice versa, and is considered one of the serious problems impairing stereoscopic experience. The
current study examines mental/cognitive activity under a various levels of crosstalk through heart activity and
forehead blood flow. In the experiment that presented three still natural images and one graphical video with
a various crosstalk levels, heart rate showed a decelerative-accelerative-decelerative pattern for all the stimuli
up to the intolerably severe level. The result suggests changes in mental state in accordance to the crosstalk
level: i.e. orientation response under no perceived crosstalk, active mental elaboration upon noticing crosstalk,
and reduced level of elaboration as crosstalk progressed. The pattern, however, did not always agree amongst
the physiological measures and the crosstalk ratios. This suggests that the mental state under crosstalked image
viewing could be more complex than a simple combination of orientation response and active mental elaboration.
Stereoscopic depth perception has been analyzed in many laboratory experiments since Wheatstone's (1838) discovery
that disparity is a sufficient and compelling stimulus for the perception of depth with mirror-type stereo displays. In this
paper, mirror-type stereo displays were used as the instrument to simulate the 3D image in the human factor experiment.
It can be used to simulate the 9 view 3D display by image processing method with different multi-view crosstalk levels
measured from luminance measurement device. The disparity of
multi-view images to form stereopsis with depth
perception is decided by the 9-view autostereoscopic 3D display that subject can properly fuse the image to get the
proper visual depth. Computer graphic method applied for multi-view content rendering with shooting distance of 70 cm
for each virtual camera. The distance between cameras is 5.6 cm with parallel capture to simulate the images accepted by
human eyes. The experimental design was used for testing subjective evaluations based on the questionnaire, and
ANOVA methods were used for analysis. Experimental variables of this human factor study for multi-view 3D display
are five levels of crosstalk distribution from measured data, with or without shadow effects and perspective line shown
within tested images. In addition, the result of acceptable system crosstalk level for multi-view stereoscopic display is
between Level 4.7 and Level 5.9 in average for the four tested images.
The ghost image induced by System-Crosstalk (SCT) of 3D display, due to optical hardware imperfections, is the major
factor to jeopardize stereopsis. The system crosstalk can be measured by optical measuring instrument and describes the
optical leakage from the neighboring viewing zones. The amount of crosstalk reduces the ability of the viewer to fuse the
stereo-images into 3D images. The Viewer-Crosstalk (VCT), combined with hardware and content issues, is an overall
evaluation of the ghost image and can be easily interpreted based on the principle of binocular 3D display. The
examination of different SCT values was carried out with a seven-grade subjective evaluation test. In our previous study,
it was shown that many other factors, such as contrast ratio, disparity and monocular cues of the images, play important
roles in the stereopsis. In this paper, we study the factors of stereo-images with different crosstalk levels that may affect
stereopsis. For simulate the interference between stereo-images, digital image processing are employed to assign
different levels of crosstalk to each other at properly specified disparity between images. Results of this research can
provide valuable reference to the content makers and for the optimized design of 3D displays with minimum System
Crosstalk.
In this paper, a novel multi-view stereoscopic interior design system, "Dream Home", has been developed to bring users
new interior design experience. Different than other interior design system before, we put emphasis on its intuitive
manipulation and multi-view stereoscopic visualization in real time. Users can do their own interior design just using
their hands and eyes without any difficulty. They manipulate furniture cards directly as they wish to setup their living
room in the model house task space, get the multi-view 3D visual feedback instantly, and re-adjust cards until they are
satisfied. No special skills are required, and you can explore your design talent arbitrarily. We hope that "Dream Home"
will make interior design more user-friendly, more intuitive, and more vivid.
A multiview autostereoscopic LCD display with a localized 2D/3D switching function is developed based on the
actively switchable parallax barrier technology. This switchable barrier comprises of an electro-optically switchable
liquid crystal (LC) and a microretarder. Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) with switchable clear and diffusing
states and twisted nematic liquid crystal (TNLC) with polarization switching function are used as switching devices. The
microretarder is prepared by self-developed multibeam laser scanning process, which is clean, friendly to the
environment, and easy for scale up and mass production. The influence factors on the image qualities of 3D displays
based on LCD panel technology are analyzed and discussed. Some solutions have proposed to solve the commercial
application issues.
For a spatial-multiplexed 3D display, trade-off between resolution and number of view-zones are usually unavoidable
due to the limited number of pixels on the screen. In this paper, we present a new autostereoscopic system, named as
"integrated-screen system," to substantially increase the total number of pixels on the screen, which in turn increase both
the resolution and number of view-zones. In the integrated-screen system, a large number of mini-projectors are arrayed
and the images are tiled together without seams in between. For displaying 3D images, the lenticular screen with predesigned
tilted angle is used for distributing different viewing zones. In order to achieve good performance, we design a
brand-new projector with special lens set to meet the low-distortion requirement because the distortion of the image will
induce serious crosstalk between view-zones. The proposed system has two advantages. One is the extensibility of the
screen size. The size of the display can be chosen based on the applications we deal with, including the size of the
projected pixel and the number of viewing zones. The other advantage is that the integrated-screen system provides
projected pixels in great density to solve the major problem of the poor resolution that a lenticular-type 3D display has.
An autostereoscopic display provides users great enjoyment of stereo visualization without uncomfortable and
inconvenient drawbacks of wearing stereo glasses. However, bandwidth constraints of current multi-view 3D display
severely restrict the number of views that can be simultaneously displayed without degrading resolution or increasing
display cost unacceptably. An alternative to multiple view presentation is that the position of observer can be measured
by using viewer-tracking sensor. It is a very important module of the viewer-tracking component for fluently rendering
and accurately projecting the stereo video. In order to render stereo content with respect to user's view points and to
optically project the content onto the left and right eyes of the user accurately, the real-time viewer tracking technique
that allows the user to move around freely when watching the autostereoscopic display is developed in this study. It
comprises the face detection by using multiple eigenspaces of various lighting conditions, fast block matching for
tracking four motion parameters of the user's face region. The Edge Orientation Histogram (EOH) on Real AdaBoost to
improve the performance of original AdaBoost algorithm is also applied in this study. The AdaBoost algorithm using
Haar feature in OpenCV library developed by Intel to detect human face and enhance the accuracy performance with
rotating image. The frame rate of viewer tracking process can achieve up to 15 Hz. Since performance of the viewer
tracking autostereoscopic display is still influenced under variant environmental conditions, the accuracy, robustness and
efficiency of the viewer-tracking system are evaluated in this study.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.