The overall objective of this work is the development of a District Information System (DIS) which could be used by stakeholders for the purposes of a district day-to-day water management as well as for planning and strategic decisionmaking. The DIS was developed from a GIS-based modeling approach, which integrates a generic crop model and a hydraulic model of the transport/distribution system, using land use maps generated by Landsat TM imagery. The main sub-objectives are: (i) the development of an operational algorithm to retrieve crop evapotranspiration from remote sensing data, (ii) the development of an information system with friendly user interface for the data base, the crop module and the hydraulic module and (iii) the analysis and validation of management scenarios from model simulations predicting the respective behavior. The Lake Karla watershed is used in this study, but the overall methodology could be used as a basis for future analysis elsewhere. Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) was used to derive monthly actual evapotranspiration (ET) values from Landsat TM imagery. Meteorological data from the archives of the Institute for Research and Technology, Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH) has also been used. The methodology was developed using high quality Landsat TM images during 2007 growing season. Monthly ET values are used as an input to CROPWAT model. Outputs of CROPWAT model are then used as input for WEAP model. The developed scenario is based on the actual situation of the surface irrigation network of the Local Administration of Land Reclamation (LALR) of Pinios for the year of 2007. The DIS is calibrated with observed data of this year and the district parameterization is conducted based on the actual operation of the network. The operation of the surface irrigation network of Pinios LALR is simulated using Technologismiki Works, while the operation of closed pipe irrigation network of Lake Karla LALR is simulated using Watercad. Four alternative scenarios have been tested with the DIS: reduction of channel losses, alteration of irrigation methods, Introduction of greenhouse cultivation, and operation of the future Lake Karla network. The results of the simulation for the historical period indicate that the water pumped from Pinios LALR is not enough to serve irrigation requirements. The spatial and temporal variation of the unmet and unsatisfied water demand has been estimated. Simulation of the four alternative scenarios indicated that the alteration of irrigation methods scenario mainly increases the efficiency of the irrigation network.
An integrated modeling system, developed in the framework of “Hydromentor” research project, is applied to evaluate
crop water requirements for operational water resources management at Lake Karla watershed, Greece. The framework
includes coupled components for operation of hydrotechnical projects (reservoir operation and irrigation works) and
estimation of agricultural water demands at several spatial scales using remote sensing. The study area was sub-divided
into irrigation zones based on land use maps derived from Landsat 5 TM images for the year 2007. Satellite-based
energy balance for mapping evapotranspiration with internalized calibration (METRIC) was used to derive actual
evapotranspiration (ET) and crop coefficient (ETrF) values from Landsat TM imagery. Agricultural water needs were
estimated using the FAO method for each zone and each control node of the system for a number of water resources
management strategies. Two operational strategies of hydro-technical project development (present situation without
operation of the reservoir and future situation with the operation of the reservoir) are coupled with three water demand
strategies. In total, eight (8) water management strategies are evaluated and compared. The results show that, under the
existing operational water resources management strategies, the crop water requirements are quite large. However, the
operation of the proposed hydro-technical projects in Lake Karla watershed coupled with water demand management
measures, like improvement of existing water distribution systems, change of irrigation methods, and changes of crop
cultivation could alleviate the problem and lead to sustainable and ecological use of water resources in the study area.
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