Bound States in the Continuum (BIC) refers to a class of exotic states that exist within the continuum energy spectrum but behave as if they were confined or bound. In this study, an electrically wavelength tunable BIC metasurface laser integrated with liquid crystal is demonstrated. The demonstration of this work can be used in various applications, such as optical communications, optical sensing and spatial light modulator device.
Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) resonance is excited within a DBR stopband with a metal film. Here, TPP sensors is proposed with Pd on top to detect the low hydrogen concentrations. In addition, TPP photodetectors with a graphene layer show high responsivity and selectivity for wavelength and angle, making them suitable for LiDAR detection and navigation instruments.
The exceptional resonance was excited by symmetry-protected quasi-bound states in continuum (Q-BICs). Q-BIC absorption ~ 90% at the communication wavelength was demonstrated by a germanium nanohole metasurface without a back reflector involved.
We unraveled a novel optical bistable state in amorphous silicon nanocuboids, featuring an abrupt super-linear jump of scattering intensity during hysteretic switching. The effective intensity dependency reaches 19th power, leading to an nonlinear index n2 as large as 5 μm2/mW, 7-order larger than the bulk value and well explained through coupled electromagnetic and photothermal simulation. Combining the ultralarge super-linear response with dark-field laser scanning microscopy, 3.5-times resolution enhancement was achieved, without any need of temporal/spatial excitation modulation. This hysteresis scattering not only sets a benchmark in optical super-resolution technique, but also suggests further optical signal processing potentials.
We realized off-Γ lasing using the Friedrich–Wintgen bound state in the continuum (FW-BIC) in a one-dimensional suspended high-contrast grating (HCG). A clear anticrossing was observed in the band diagram of the HCG corresponding to the coupling between the specific different orders of Bloch modes, and the FW-BIC with a high quality factor and large confinement factor was observed near the anticrossing point. Owing to these outstanding characteristics, the FW-BIC can serve as a robust and extraordinary cavity mode for realizing low-threshold laser operation and for achieving angle-steering laser beams. The conditions of the FW-BIC can be modulated by tuning the geometry related to the coupling modes in the anticrossing, resulting in a tunable lasing direction observed in the measurement. Furthermore, through appropriate design, the emission angle can be controlled precisely within a wide tunable range. Therefore, FW-BICs can be used to realize high-resolution directional lasing within a wide range of emission angles; they can also be applied in three-dimensional sensing for lidar applications.
We study the scattering behavior of silicon nanoblocks in various displacements with respect to the optical axis of a tightly focused linearly polarized Gaussian beam. Experimentally, the laser scanning image of a single nanoblock deviates significantly from coherent image convolution. Theoretically, with exact Cartesian multipole decomposition, the results are explained through generation of high-order multipoles at large focus displacement and multipole interference. Surprisingly, due to the high-order multipoles, the efficiency of photothermal nonlinearity and Raman scattering are better with displaced focus. Our result extends Mie theory with displaced tight focus, opening up new opportunities in nanoscale light-matter interactions.
Tamm plasma-polariton (TPP) resonance is a confined state at the interface between photonic crystals and the metal. In this presentation, we have demonstrated the concept of bound states in the continuum with TPP, which allows the ultra-sharp resonance and large Q-factor. By combining liquid crystals and TPP devices, the quality factor of resonance would be tunable. Several developments and applications, like narrow-band filters, thermal emitters, sensors, photodetectors would be discussed.
Tunable quality factors (Q-factor) in topological photonics devices have gathered great attention in recent years. The devices with high-refractive-index (HRI) dielectric metasurfaces or non-symmetric nano-photonics devices have demonstrated the concept of bound states in the continuum, which allow the ultra-sharp resonance and extreme large Q-factor. By controlling the structures, the quality factor of resonance would be tunable. Ker-Ker effects, coupled mode theories, and symetric proteced semi bound states in the continuum will be presentated. The effect could be applied in advance design in narrow-band filters, sensors, photodetectors, etc.
High-refractive-index (HRI) dielectric metasurfaces have attracted a lot of attention recently due to their advantages of low non-radiative losses and high melting temperatures. Silicon is one of feasible HRI materials that has been widely used in solar cells, photonic waveguides, and photon detectors. However, the band-gap ~ 1 eV makes the quantum efficiency of silicon low at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. In this work, a high absorptance device is proposed and realized by using amorphous silicon nanoantenna arrays (a-Si NA arrays) that suppress backward and forward scattering with engineered lattice resonance with Kerker effect. The overlap of electric dipole and magnetic dipole resonances is experimentally demonstrated. The absorptance of a-Si NA arrays increases 3-fold in the near-infrared (NIR) range in comparison to unpatterned silicon films. Nonradiating a-Si NA arrays can achieve high absorptance with a small resonance bandwidth (Q = 11.89) at wavelength 785 nm.
Planar photonics, like metasurfaces and nanoantennas, got immense attention because of the ability controlling the flow of light. The tunability of metasurfaces system could be realized by combining with liquid crystals. In this work, several novel devices, like tunable nanoantennas array with color, diffraction control of binary gratings metasurfaces, and optical Tamm states would be presented. 1. By comparing different dimensions of nanoantennas, the anchoring energy of liquid crystal could be adjusted in nanoscale. The different shapes of nanoantennas show the difference in color or monotone change when applying different voltages. 2. The diffraction ratio of metasurface could be controlled by nematic liquid crystal by controlling the polarization direction by applying voltages. 3. Optical Tamm states could be realized and adjustable by combining liquid photonic crystal with metasurface. All of those ideas are realized in both modeling and experimental, which could give a great impact to the field of future application in tunable metasurfaces.
Observing the resonance wavelengths of nanoantennas (NAs) with changing incident angles in TM and TE polarization. Extinction cross section shows the dark and bright coupling modes at resonance wavelength of NAs with symmetry breaking oblique incidence. The plasmonic enhancement is stronger under evanescent wave in total internal reflection.
The plasmonic coupling of nanoantennas could be explained by the plasmon hybridization model introduced. For symmetric nanoparticles pairs, the coupled mode can be shifted to higher or lower frequencies, depending on the phase of the fields from each nanoparticle. In p-polarization, the in-phase response is called bonding mode and out of phase response is called antibonding mode, which are analogous to the molecular orbital theory. The bonding mode, located at a lower energy level, could be strongly excited by normal incidence, but antibonding mode, located at a higher energy level, could hardly excited by normal incident plane wave and which is not easy to be observed. In literatures, the antibonding mode could only be excited by highly focused laser beams, the radiation from a local emitter, and the evanescent field produced by total internal reflection9. Although the observation is not easy, the antibonding mode has brought a lot of attention because of the slower radiative decay and narrower linewidths. However, there are not many researches discussing the sensor application of the plasmonic antibonding mode of nanoantenans arrays.
In this work, gold nanoantennas antibonding mode in TM and TE polarized evanescent field is investigated and the sensitivity to the refractive index change of surrounding medium is compared to bonding mode in normal incidence. Furthermore, in normal incidence, due to the impedance mismatch between the dielectric and substrate, strong reflectance happens at the resonance in bonding mode which could reduce the coupling efficiency. In order to achieve higher energy coupling efficiency, total internal reflection could be used to minimize the impedance mismatch and transfer the input energy into antibonding mode plasmonic resonance.
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