Digital image correlation (DIC) combined with an optical microscope has been used to realize the micro scale deformation measurement; micro-scale speckle pattern film was fabricated by spinning an epoxy resin and powder, and transferred to the surface of a test specimen. Generally, measurement accuracy of a 2D DIC will be affected by the small out-of-plane displacement of the test specimen. However, a telecentric lens is not convenient to be used in micro-scale digital image correlation to minimize the measurement displacement error. Thus, measurement error due to geometrical lens aberration, or lens distortion, should be corrected to overcome this problem. Camera calibration including lens distortion is considered in this paper. A corresponding distortion model was constructed and the distortion coefficient was determined by a rigid-body translation experiment using the fabricated micro speckle patterns. The distortion image was calibrated using a first-order aberration function. The results show that the relative error of the rigid-body translations was reduced 50%. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively correct the lens distortion under the large-magnification microscope.
Ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) cantilever actuator demonstrates significant bending deformation upon application of excitation voltage across electrodes without external load. In the present work, the non-contact digital image correlation (DIC) and a digital microscope were used to investigate the micro-scale displacement and strain distributions on the cross section of the actuator under excitation voltages, according to the low mass and film properties of IPMC material. The target surface of the fabricated IPMC sample with Pt electrodes was roughened with fine sandpapers to prepare an appropriate speckled surface. The experimental results indicate that longitudinal normal strain is linearly distributed along the thickness direction and strain gradient of longitudinal normal strain varies linearly with electric field. The longitudinal and transverse normal strains decrease with the increase of the frequency of the excitation voltage. Moreover, due to water loss of the sample in air, the IPMC actuator demonstrates contractive deformation when exposed in the air. The micro scale DIC technique has been proved to have excellent accuracy over a large range of strains, thus is very powerful for mechanical analysis of IPMC materials.
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