Natural Cordyceps usually has rarity and upstanding curative effects on the disease, but some substitutes also have been used and adulterants confused the market. Therefore, controlling the quality of Cordyceps sinensis and its products is very critical to ensure their safety and efficacy. Terahertz spectroscopy can be used to qualitatively analyze complex mixed systems, examine all components of medicinal herbs, and reflect the overall information of samples. We report experimental measurement of Hirsutella sinensis, one of the Cordyceps sinensis myceliums in the spectral range of 0.2- 2.5 THz using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Additionally, we demonstrate that THz-TDS combining with principal component analysis (PCA) methods was proposed for the identification of Cordyceps sinensis mycelium. The results of chemometric analysis show that the method can better detect the stability of traditional Chinese medicine.
In this paper, we demonstrated a quasi-optical method for extracting electromagnetic parameters of materials in free space. This contactless and non-destructive method shows the great value and significance in detecting the materials that is hard to process. The system contains a high-precision vector network analyzer and a quasi-optical system, a pair of high-gain corrugated horn antennas and an off-axis parabolic mirror system for beam shaping and focus controlling of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. The measurement frequency can reach the range of 220GHz~325GHz as the frequency conversion module ZVA-Z325 matches with the vector network analyzer. The scattering parameter matrix of Teflon and a porous ceramics are measured. Fourier transform of the measured signal and time domain gating are used to eliminate multiple reflections and diffraction interference. The complex permittivity of the materials, including the complex permeability and complex refractive index, are derived from classical Fresnel formula. The differences between the results in this experiment and classical THz-TDS measurements in the same frequency range are compared to analyze the errors and make further explanations.
The inevitable noises and oscillation of generated terahertz (THz) signal subject to mechanism of hardware could distort and affect optical properties of the measured materials. Several well-known techniques used to attenuate oscillation and noises could achieve expectation. In this work, a piece of fractal artwork was chosen as the sample. Double Gaussian filtered inverse filtering (DGIF) and Hanning window inverse filtering (HIF) deconvolution techniques were employed to remove the oscillation of raw signal and ripples of THz B-scan image. A technique of composite multiscale entropy (CMSE) on complexity assessment of time series was introduced to compare the entropy profiles of the raw signal and two deconvovled signals.
Alcohol is a kind of flammable substance. It is strictly forbidden in public places such as airports and high-speed railway stations. So the non-destructive testing of the alcohol is very crucial. In this paper, we used the reflective terahertz (THz) time-domain spectrometer to measure THz signals of alcohol aqueous solutions in different concentrations, the relationship between the pulse peak and concentration is obtained. And then reflectance spectra were obtained by using Fourier transform. Linear regression was employed to fit the relationship between the terahertz reflectance and the alcohol concentration at different frequencies. This pilot work has preliminarily formed a testing method for the detection of liquids concentration by using THz reflectance spectra. In the future, we can establish the THz spectral library for dangerous and inflammable liquids.
Owing to the similar absorption between the region of interest and background, an inferior contrast may be shown at the terahertz (THz) image with the reconstruction of unbefitting parameters. In this experiment, due to the small difference of THz pulse between the liver tumor tissue and mirror, the parameter with the sum of the maximum and minimum (SMM) value of the THz pulse was used to reconstruct the THz image. We compared it with the pulse imaging of amplitude (Amp) and maximum (Max) value, indicating that SMM image achieved the best result. K-means and fuzzy c-means clustering results of the two combination parameters (Amp and SMM, Max and SMM) further validate the effect of SMM. The differences of THz pulses from three regions explain the reliable imaging results.
Due to the echoes both from terahertz (THz) pulse reflection system and sample, the THz primary pulse will be distorted. The system echoes include two types. One preceding the main peak probably is caused by ultrafast laser pulse and the other at the back of the primary pulse is caused by the Fabry-Perot (F-P) etalon effect of detector. We attempt to remove the corresponding echoes by using two kinds of deconvolution. A Si wafer of 400μm was selected as the tested sample. Firstly, the method of double Gaussian filter (DGF) decnvolution was used to remove the systematic echoes, and then another deconvolution technique was employed to eliminate the two obvious echoes of the sample. The ultimate results indicated: although the combination of two deconvolution techniques could not entirely remove the echoes of sample and system, the echoes were largely reduced.
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