Piezoresistive laser induced graphene are embedded within the interlaminar regions of fiberglass composite materials using a treatment-free and scalable transfer-printing process, all while maintaining mechanical properties. Through passive resistance measurements, the multifunctional material is demonstrated to be capable of in-situ tracking of both monotonic and cyclic strain, in addition to detecting distinct damage events under tensile and flexural loading conditions. Furthermore, The LIG interlayers are also shown to enable three-dimensional damage localization in fiberglass composites, along with the monitoring of structural damage progression and accumulation throughout fatigue life. The information can be then combined with smart prognostic algorithms, such as neural networks, in order to predict the onset of catastrophic structural failure.
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