Mr. Mark R. Contarino Profile

Mark R. Contarino

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Proceedings Article | 8 May 2010 Paper

All weather collision avoidance for unmanned aircraft systems

Mark Contarino

Proceedings Volume 7692, 769202 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.850248

KEYWORDS: Collision avoidance, Safety, Transponders, Sensors, Standards development, Visualization, LIDAR, Fourier transforms, Neodymium, Ions

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For decades, military and other national security agencies have been denied unfettered access to the National Air Space (NAS) because their unmanned aircraft lack a highly reliable and effective collision avoidance capability. The controlling agency, the Federal Aviation Administration, justifiably demands "no harm" to the safety of the NAS. To overcome the constraints imposed on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) use of the NAS, a new, complex, conformable collision avoidance system has been developed - one that will be effective in all flyable weather conditions, overcoming the shortfalls of other sensing systems, including radar, lidar, acoustic, EO/IR, etc., while meeting form factor and cost criteria suitable for Tier II UAS operations. The system also targets Tier I as an ultimate goal, understanding the operational limitations of the smallest UASs may require modification of the design that is suitable for Tier II and higher. The All Weather Sense and Avoid System (AWSAS) takes into account the FAA's plan to incorporate ADS-B (out) for all aircraft by 2020, and it is intended to make collision avoidance capability available for UAS entry into the NAS as early as 2013. When approved, UASs can fly mission or training flights in the NAS free of the constraints presently in place. Upon implementation this system will achieve collision avoidance capability for UASs deployed for national security purposes and will allow expansion of UAS usage for commercial or other civil purposes.

Proceedings Article | 7 December 2004 Paper

Bio-nano-optics for cellular investigations

Mark Contarino, Vishal Kamat, Edward Keough, Nadaraj Babu, Mauro Sergi, Tetsuya Ishino, Elisabeth Papazoglou, Irwin Chaiken, Som Tyagi, Kambiz Pourrezaei

Proceedings Volume 5588, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.571248

KEYWORDS: Nanoprobes, Quantum dots, Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Proteins, Near field scanning optical microscopy, Molecules, Silver, Optical fibers, Near field optics, Receptors

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We report results of our recent efforts to develop nano-tools to study proteins and their interactions in complex environments that exist on the cell membrane and inside the cells. Due to the spatial constraints imposed on the mobility of cell constituents, it is reasonable to expect that the nature and dynamics of the biomolecular interactions in a living cell would be substantially different from those routinely observed in dilute solutions. Nanotechnology has begun to provide tools with which to monitor processes that occur in membranes and intracellular regions. Nano-optics is a rich source of such emerging tools. Tapered optical fibers coated with metallic films can effectively confine excitation light to sub-wavelength linear dimensions and cubic nanometer excitation volumes. This leads not only to a resolution that exceeds the diffraction-limited values, but also to the elimination of the background signal. Thus, highly localized and specific regions of cellular function can be investigated. By immobilizing silver colloidal nanoparticles on such tapered fibers we have also fabricated surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes. Nanoprobes have been found to enable detection of fluorescent antibody molecules immobilized on a functionalized glass surface and polychromic quantum dots in picomolar solutions. In addition, we have successfully inserted nanoprobes with dimensions of 30-80 nm into both adherent insect and mammalian cells with maintenance of their viability. We summarize our development of optical nanoprobes with the motivation to detect cell-surface and intracellular proteins of the interleukin-5 system in native cellular environments, through quantum dot fluorescence and SERS.

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