A multi-beam optical beamforming network with low loss is proposed based on the integrated arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). By using the diffraction effect of AWG, the optical multiple beamforming architecture is reduced significantly since the true time delays for different wavelength can be realized simply by employing only one module. The 3 channels of 88 AWG for dense wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) with low loss is fabricated successfully, and then the integrated optical multiple beamformer for eight-element is demonstrated. Experimental results show that the insertion loss for each beamformer is reduced to 5.64 dB. Furthermore, the number of simultaneous beamformer achieves to be 4, which could cover the airspace from -36° to 18°.
For the true time delay (TTD) of optical fiber changes with temperature, integrated optical chips are proposed to improve the delay consistency among channels. A 5-bit TTD chip is proposed in this paper. By using cascaded switches and optical waveguides, the chip is switchable and wavelength independent. A beamforming system operating at 6GHz is established for demonstration. 7 beam directions covering ±15° is obtained with proper mainside lobe ratio.
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