The practice of photometric laboratory requires to receive uniform fields of illumination of different screens, apertures and sensitive areas of photo detectors in a wide spectral range of the optical spectrum (from ultraviolet to far infrared). At the same time, the level of illumination, as a rule, needs to vary within several orders of magnitude. The uniformity requirements associated with minimizing the error of photometric measurements can be quite high. While using such radiation source as “black-body” we can provide uniformity of illumination field at the rather long distances but at the same time we will not receive the required value of illumination. That could be improved by placing the right-angled four mirrored channel between the source and the photo detector. The optical radiation after numerous reflections from the mirrors reaches the surface raising the illumination level and the experiment shows the illumination uniformity of the mentioned surface is improving.
Optoelectronic devices based on array image sensors become more popular every year. They are used in science applications, as the machine vision systems and used by customers all over the world for image recording purpose. The quality of the image received by any optoelectronic system depends on several factors and such characteristic as its resolution turns out to be one of the most important. There are several ways to describe the optoelectronic system resolution. One of the most widespread is modulation transfer function. The modulation transfer function measurements could be fulfilled with the help of a method of summation over different frequencies harmonic functions. This method is accurate in the range of Nyquist frequency and closely meets the definition of the modulation transfer function as the harmonic functions are used. It also allows to input necessary frequencies by adding the sinusoid of corresponding frequency to the initial function. In this paper we describe the experiment of optoelectronic system modulation transfer function measurement using the above mentioned method.
The paper conducts the new method of pipeline's inner surface control. The 3D model of the area can be built using laser profilers. Surface profile is the line of intersection of the plane having a predetermined orientation, with a given surface. Having a set of profiles, a surface relief can be built. Analyzed surface's profilogram in digital form is generated by computing system profiler on the distorted image profile. Besides the development of 3D measuring techniques for inline inspection leads to increasing of the speed of checking pipelines as a lot of data can be obtained from engineering surfaces in a short time.
In a pressurized water reactor (PWR) there are no light sources due to the operation of such devices in a given medium. Thus, in order to obtain a high-quality video image when operating on PWR, the lighting unit must be located on the optoelectronic manipulator transmission device. The subject of the study is optoelectronic systems designed to monitor fuel loading underwater in PWR. The relevance of the topics is image quality improvement of the object under a high level of radiation background, the use of a new radiation-resistant block of illuminators, the main light source of which are LEDs, the development of a control circuit for the LED lighting unit using a microcontroller. For LED lighting optical systems' design, it is proposed to use nonimaging optical elements with refractive and reflective surfaces of various shapes. For their calculation, the known methods which are developed for the calculation of spherical and similar aspheric optics are not applicable. The scientific novelty of the work is the use of LEDs made on carbide-silicon substrates in radiation-resistant television systems.
Nuclear power is the rapidly developing branch of the global energy sector as nuclear-based electric power generation is 11 percent of total electricity production in the world. However, any mistake during the nuclear power plant maintenance may lead to technological disaster. In order to provide technological safety at the nuclear power plant it is necessary to carry out video diagnostics of nuclear reactor. Although modern optoelectronic systems have good light sensitivity, reactor walls illumination is too low, so diagnostic video systems need artificial light source to provide the necessary signal-tonoise ratio. There are special requirements to the light sources radiation tolerance, lighting uniformity, spectral characteristics Thermal stability, dimensions and weight characteristics are also of great importance. Light-emitting diodes (LED) based luminaire with radioactive shielding and heat removal system seems to be the good way to perform the task of illuminating the walls of nuclear reactor. The advantages of the LED based luminaires in comparison with other light sources are their relative energy efficiency, stability and long lifetime. The aim of the paper is to design the LED luminaire to perform the tasks of nuclear reactor video diagnostics, considering the high radiation and temperature level when choosing the materials and design. The computer modeling is carried out and its results are discussed.
There are a number of robotic systems that are used for nuclear power plant maintenance and it is important to ensure the necessary safety level. The machine-vision systems are applied for this purpose. There are special requirements for the image quality of these systems. To estimate the resolution of a video-system one should determine the impact of the system on the special test pattern. In this paper we describe the procedure of determining the number of the modulation transfer function values of the radiation-tolerant machine-vision systems using the test pattern, containing the sum of the harmonic functions of different frequency.
The main goal of nuclear safety is to protect from accidents in nuclear power plant (NPP) against radiation arising during normal operation of nuclear installations, or as a result of accidents on them. The most important task in any activities aimed at the maintenance of NPP is a constant maintenance of the desired level of security and reliability. The periodic non-destructive testing during operation provides the most relevant criteria for the integrity of the components of the primary circuit pressure. The objective of this study is to develop a system for forming a color image on the television camera on vidicon which is used to conduct non-destructive testing in conditions of increased radiation at NPPs.
Due to the improved economic situation in the high technology sectors, work on the creation of industrial robots and special mobile robotic systems are resumed. Despite this, the robotic control systems mostly remained unchanged. Hence one can see all advantages and disadvantages of these systems. This is due to lack of funds, which could greatly facilitate the work of the operator, and in some cases, completely replace it. The paper is concerned with the complex machine vision of robotic system for monitoring of underground pipelines, which collects and analyzes up to 90% of the necessary information. Vision Systems are used to identify obstacles to the process of movement on a trajectory to determine their origin, dimensions and character. The object is illuminated in a structured light, TV camera records projected structure. Distortions of the structure uniquely determine the shape of the object in view of the camera. The reference illumination is synchronized with the camera. The main parameters of the system are the basic distance between the generator and the lights and the camera parallax angle (the angle between the optical axes of the projection unit and camera).
We seek methods of stimulating young school children to develop an interest in science and engineering through a
natural curiosity for the reaction of light. Science learning now begins fully at middle school. Reading skills develop
with activity at home and progress through the elementary school curriculum, and in a like manner, a curious interest in
science also should begin at that stage of life. Within the ranks of educators, knowledge of optical science needs to be
presented to elementary school students in an entertaining manner. One such program used by the authors is Doug
Goodman's Optics Demonstrations With the Overhead Projector, co-published by and available from OSA (Optical
Society of America) and SPIE-The International Society of Optical Engineering. These demonstrations have been
presented in middle and high schools; however, as a special approach, the authors have developed selected Goodman
demonstrations as a "Magic Show of Light" for elementary schools. Teachers in the U.S. are overloaded with classroom
instruction specifically targeted at improving reading and math scores on the Standard Achievement Test (SAT);
therefore, science is getting "short changed" in the education system. For the sake of our future, industry volunteers
must come forward to promote interest in science beginning with K-6.
We seek methods of stimulating young school children to develop an interest in science and engineering through a natural curiosity for the reaction of light. Science learning now begins fully at middle school. Reading skills develop with activity at home and progress through the elementary school curriculum, and in a like manner, a curious interest in science also should begin at that stage of life. Within the ranks of educators, knowledge of optical science needs to be presented to elementary school students in an entertaining manner. One such program used by the authors is Doug Goodman's Optics Demonstrations With the Overhead Projector, co-published by and available from OSA (Optical Society of America) and SPIE-The International Society of Optical Engineering. These demonstrations have found their way into middle and high schools; however, as a special approach, the authors have presented selected Goodman demonstrations as a "Magic Show of Light" to elementary schools. Both students and faculty have found the show most entertaining! If optical knowledge is utilized to stimulate science learning in the coming generation at elementary school level, there's a good chance we can sow some fertile seeds of advancement for all future segments of the workforce. Students can enjoy what they are doing while building a foundation for contributing gainfully to society in any profession. We need to explore expanding exposure of the “Magic Show of Light” to elementary schools.
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