In this work we propose a predictive model that allows the study of thermal effects produced when the optical radiation interacts with an esophageal or stomach disease with gold nanoparticles embedded. The model takes into account light distribution in the tumor tissue by means of a Monte Carlo method. Mie theory is used to obtain the gold nanoparticles optical properties and the thermal model employed is based on the bio-heat equation. The complete model was applied to two types of tumoral tissue (squamous cell carcinoma located in the esophagus and adenocarcinoma in the stomach) in order to study the thermal effects induced by the inclusion of gold nanoparticles.
Over the past several decades, free-space optical (FSO) systems have gained a specific place in the wireless technology area. The application of these systems is advantageous for high bandwidths, a license free band and quick installation. The main drawback of FSO systems is their dependence on the state of the atmosphere causing deterioration of the FSO systems availability. One of the atmospheric effects which has an essential impact on the performance of the FSO systems is atmospheric turbulence. Atmospheric turbulence leads to fluctuation of the optical intensity in the plane of the receiving aperture. It has been shown that to reduce the effect of atmospheric turbulence, uniform distribution of the optical intensity within the cross section of the beam in the plane of transmitting aperture (phenomenon of diffraction is neglected) and a suffciently large diameter of the circularly symmetric receiving aperture (to achieve aperture averaging effect) are needed. The main idea of our paper is the problem of beam shaping at the transmitter. In our contribution the technique of transformation of a Gaussian beam into a beam with uniform distribution of optical intensity is discussed. For the mentioned transformation we experimentally tested several shaping methods such as multi aperture beam integrators, diffractive diffusers, etc. Usage of laser sources with different degrees of coherence was considered.
The purpose of these techniques is to create an optical beam with uniform distribution of optical intensity on the transmitter output. In order to compare and evaluate the particular shaping techniques, a new Trans- formation Complex Quality (TCQ) parameter was defined. The TCQ parameter indicates the optimal shaping technique and also evaluates the quality of the resulting transformed beam with respect to its resistance towards atmospheric turbulence.
Modern free-space optical (FSO) communication systems in many aspects overcome wire or radio communications. They offer a license-free operation and a large bandwidth. Operation of outdoor FSO links struggles with many atmospheric phenomena that deteriorate phase and amplitude of the transmitted optical beam. Thanks to the recent advancing development, these effects are more or less well understood and described. Goal driven research increased the link availability.
Besides increasing the availability of data links it is necessary to focus on the accuracy and reliability of testing optical links. Research of the data optical links is focused on the transmission of a large amount of data whereas the testing FSO link is designed to achieve maximal resolution and sensitivity thus improving accuracy and repeatability of the atmospheric effects measurement. Given the fact that testing links are located in the measured media, they are themselves influenced by it. Phenomena such as the condensation on transceiver windows (rain, frost) and the deviation of the optical beam path caused by the wind are referred to as non-standard effects. Non-standard effects never occur independently; therefore we must always verify the cross-sensitivity of the testing link.
In the paper we respond to an increasing number of articles dealing with influence of the atmosphere on the link but ignoring the cross-sensitivity of the testing link on other variables than tested. In conclusion, we carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis of self-identified non-standard effects.
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