The longitudinal and transverse evolution of thermal clouds have been studied
experimentally and theoretically in blue-detuned hollow tunnels. Tunnels based
on axicon generation and holographic phase-mask generation have been
investigated. A simple model is presented that (1) accounts for longitudinal
acceleration and (2) shows that a cloud confined in a tunnel with a potential
having a Bessel mode distribution will absorb fewer photons than it would
confined in a comparable tunnel with a Laguerre-Gaussian mode distribution. The
longitudinal and transverse profiles are fit to analytical distributions
functions from which we extract transverse and longitudinal temperatures of the
cloud. We find the two temperatures to be very different, with the transverse
temperature being as much as five times colder. Finally, we studied the energy
level structure within a Bessel potential theoretically and found that
single-mode propagation is possible.
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