Multilayer titanium photonic crystals are fabricated with the mature integrated circuit (IC) technology, which is similar
to the Damascene interconnect process. The photonic crystals that we created have the face-centered-tetragonal lattice
symmetry. In each layer, the feature size, height and the spacing of the titanium rods is 100 nm, 200 nm and 300 nm,
respectively. To our knowledge, this is at the first time that the three-dimensional titanium photonic crystals are realized
successfully with 100-nm line width. The reflectance spectra of
three- and four-layer titanium photonic crystals are
measured with the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and simulated with the three-dimensional finite different time
domain method. Through both the experimental observation and the calculation verification, the characterization of the
photonic band gap is demonstrated at near-infrared wavelengths and the optical behavior of titanium photonic crystals is
discussed for incident light waves of s- and p-polarization. Moreover, the absorption spectra are derived from the
reflectance and transmittance spectra due to the law of conservation of energy. It is found that absorption near the
photonic band edge is modified and enhanced in a narrow bandwidth because of the well-known recycling-energy
mechanism. The large band gap can suppress black body radiation in the mid-infrared range and recycle energy into the
near infrared. According to Kirchoff's law, the absorptance of a body equals its emissivity. Thus, the multilayer titanium
photonic crystals would be applied as an efficient near-infrared light source with a narrow bandwidth, and produced on a
mass scale with the standard IC technology.
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