Mr. Srikanth Mandapati Profile

Srikanth Mandapati

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Proceedings Article | 3 January 2025 Paper

Satellite on-board processing of synthetic aperture radar data for rapid delivery of latency sensitive maritime information products

Dominik Günzel, Srikanth Mandapati

Proceedings Volume 13264, 1326407 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3040646

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Synthetic aperture radar, Satellite imaging, Relays, Evolutionary algorithms, Data acquisition, Safety, Remote sensing, Prototyping, Product safety

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Remote sensing satellites generate a large amount of data that is conventionally down-linked to ground stations for further processing, but the time from acquisition until the satellite makes contact to the nearest ground station incurs additional latency, ultimately increasing the delay before the desired processing results are available to stakeholders. For certain applications though, latency is critical as the contained information decays rapidly. For example, the location of a moving ship on satellite imagery becomes outdated after a short time. Moving data processing from the ground to on-board of the satellite has the potential to significantly speed up product delivery. This contribution introduces developments regarding satellite on-board processing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, addressing products concerning maritime safety and security in particular. Focusing of raw SAR data into interpretable images is implemented on specialized hardware to keep within the constraints on-board of satellites. The focused SAR images are processed further using conventional algorithms and artificial intelligence to extract desirable information, such as ship location, ocean wave height, and sea ice classification. Compared to the raw SAR echoes or focused image, the data size of derived products is so small that low data-rate transfers via satellite data relays become a possible path of delivering the information directly to the users, further facilitating rapid delivery. The on-ground prototype developed in this work intends to serve as a first step towards high-resolution satellite on-board data processing in near-realtime by using hardware representative for use in low Earth orbit.

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