Dr. Valerian Thiel Profile

Dr. Valerian Thiel

at Univ of Oregon

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Publications (2)

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Table-top demonstration of interferometric imaging using path-entangled single photons

Matthew Brown, Markus Allgaier, Valerian Thiel, John Monnier, Michael Raymer, Brian Smith

Proceedings Volume 12692, 1269209 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677724

KEYWORDS: Photons, Beam splitters, Visibility, Stars, Telescopes, Single mode fibers, Diffusers, Autocorrelation

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Very-long baseline interferometry has been one of the major astronomical imaging techniques used in the last century for tasks ranging from measuring diameters of stars to imaging black holes at the center of galaxies. However, the usual heterodyne technique is typically limited to radio wavelengths for the longest baselines due to fundamental noise from the local oscillator, which is used to measure the collected electric field in time at each aperture. Further, the visible and near-infrared (V-NIR) wavelengths do not easily allow such measurements due to their higher frequency; so, for optimal performance, the collected fields must be directly interfered with each other to measure the spatial correlation of the stellar light between each aperture. This implies, at V-NIR wavelengths, a practical limitation on the distance between the receivers and the brightness of stellar sources since bringing the fields together is lossy. Several theoretical proposals have promised reduction of this loss by using single photons along with quantum networks and/or quantum memories. We demonstrate a proof-of-principle, table-top experiment of one proposal by interfering path-entangled single photons generated from parametric down conversion and the light collected from a quasi-thermal source occupying a single spectral-temporal mode representing light from a star. The interference signal was then used to recover the spatial autocorrelation of two source distributions: 1 and 2 mm separated double slits. We compare this to a theoretical model and see good agreement. This model allows further comparison to other weak, non-single-photon, local-oscillator sources such as coherent states.

Proceedings Article | 2 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Long-baseline interferometry using single photon states as a non-local oscillator

Matthew Brown, Valerian Thiel, Markus Allgaier, Michael Raymer, Brian Smith, Paul Kwiat, John Monnier

Proceedings Volume 12015, 120150E (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2610314

KEYWORDS: Long baseline optical interferometry, Telescopes, Beam splitters, Oscillators, Visibility, Interferometry, Nonlinear optics, Single photon, Signal to noise ratio, Visible radiation

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Recent proposals suggest that distributed single photons serving as a ‘non-local oscillator’ can outperform coherent states as a phase reference for long-baseline interferometric imaging of weak sources [1,2]. Such nonlocal quantum states distributed between telescopes can, in-principle, surpass the limitations of conventional interferometric-based astronomical imaging approaches for very-long baselines such as: signal-to-noise, shot noise, signal loss, and faintness of the imaged objects. Here we demonstrate in a table-top experiment, interference between a nonlocal oscillator generated by equal-path splitting of an idler photon from a pulsed, separable, parametric down conversion process and a spectrally single-mode, quasi-thermal source. We compare the single-photon nonlocal oscillator to a more conventional local oscillator with uncertain photon number. Both methods enabled reconstruction of the source’s Gaussian spatial distribution by measurement of the interference visibility as a function of baseline separation and then applying the van Cittert-Zernike theorem [3,4]. In both cases, good qualitative agreement was found with the reconstructed source width and the known source width as measured using a camera. We also report an increase of signal-to-noise per ‘faux’ stellar photon detected when heralding the idler photon. 1593 heralded (non-local oscillator) detection events led to a maximum visibility of ~17% compared to the 10412 unheralded (classical local oscillator) detection events, which gave rise to a maximum visibility of ~10% – the first instance of quantum-enhanced sensing in this context.

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