Prof. Virginijus Barzda Profile

Prof. Virginijus Barzda

Professor at Univ of Toronto Mississauga

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (33)

Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

Polarimetric third-harmonic generation microscopy for histopathology

Mykolas Maciulis, Viktoras Mazeika, Vilte Samsone, Lukas Kontenis, Edvardas Zurauskas, Vitalijus Karabanovas, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume PC12846, PC128460D (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3001641

KEYWORDS: Third harmonic generation, Second harmonic generation, Polarimetry, Microscopy, Histopathology, Visualization, Tissues, Image visualization, Connective tissue, Collagen

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

Origin of collagen chiral response in polarimetric second harmonic generation microscopy

Mehdi Alizadeh, Viktoras Mazeika, Danute Bulotiene, Vitalijus Karabanovas, Lukas Kontenis, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume PC12847, PC128470O (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3003060

KEYWORDS: Collagen, Second harmonic generation, Polarimetry, Microscopy, Laser radiation, Visualization, Statistical analysis, Diseases and disorders, Dichroic materials

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2024 Presentation

Disorder in collagen at the tumor boundary investigated with double Stokes-Mueller polarimetric microscopy

Viktoras Mažeika, Mykolas Mačiulis, Lukas Kontenis, Mehdi Alizadeh, Masood Samim, Serguei Krouglov, Edvardas Žurauskas, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume PC12854, PC128540J (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3002404

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Collagen, Diseases and disorders, Tumors, Second harmonic generation, Cooccurrence matrices, Nonlinear susceptibility, Mueller matrices, Tissues, Polarization

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Proceedings Article | 30 May 2022 Presentation

Investigation of melanoma tissue with nonlinear multimodal polarimetric microscopy using texture analysis and machine learning

Martynas Riauka, Viktoras Mazeika, Mykolas Maciulis, Lukas Kontenis, Edvardas Zurauskas, Mehdi Alizadeh, Kamdin Mirsanaye, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume PC12144, PC121440S (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2621489

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Tissues, Melanoma, Collagen, Polarization, Microscopy, Second-harmonic generation, Machine learning, Statistical analysis, Microscopes

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Development and metastasis of cancer are known to change the structure of extracellular matrix (ECM), which affect the tumor's further growth and spread. A substantial part of ECM is comprised of collagen, which is a noncentrosymmetric structure. As a result, it generates second harmonic signals, dependent on the polarization of incoming light. This property of collagen led to the applications of polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy in investigating collagen ultrastructure changes in different cancers. In this work, multiphoton absorption fluorescence (MPF), third-harmonic generation (THG) and polarimetric second-harmonic generation (P-SHG) measurements were performed on various types and staging of human melanoma histological sections. Reduced polarimetry techniques, employing linear and circular polarization states, were used to obtain polarimetric SHG parameters of collagen in both normal and cancerous tissues. These parameters provide important information about the structural properties of collagen. The parameter distributions were analyzed using a grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), which allows to obtain statistical parameters, such as correlation, contrast, entropy, angular second moment and inverse difference moment. Statistical tests were performed on polarimetric and texture analysis data in order to determine whether parameter distribution differences in normal and cancerous tissues are statistically significant. Furthermore, a machine learning classifier algorithm was trained to distinguish normal tissues from cancerous using aforementioned polarimetric and texture parameters as predictors. Firstly, separate training and testing datasets were formed from each sample and classification was carried out for each of them individually and afterwards, a common training dataset was used for all samples. The results suggest that normal and cancerous skin tissues can be distinguished from each other with the help of multimodal nonlinear polarimetric microscopy. Also, depending on the type and stage of melanoma, the differences in some polarimetric and texture parameters are more pronounced, suggesting its possible application in melanoma diagnostics and differentiation.

Proceedings Article | 30 May 2022 Presentation

Revealing chirality of biological structures using different polarimetric SHG microscopy techniques

Mehdi Alizadeh, Viktoras Mažeika, Mykolas Maciulis, Martynas Riauka, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume PC12144, PC121440Z (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2621611

KEYWORDS: Collagen, Second-harmonic generation, Polarimetry, Microscopy, Numerical modeling, Microscopes, Harmonic generation, Dichroic materials, Detector development, Cancer

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Proceedings Article | 30 May 2022 Presentation

Investigation of tumor extracellular matrix using polarimetric second-harmonic generation microscopy and texture analysis

Viktoras Mažeika, Mykolas Maciulis, Lukas Kontenis, Edvardas Zurauskas, Martynas Riauka, Mehdi Alizadeh, Kamdin Mirsanaye, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume PC12144, PC121440R (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2621392

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Second-harmonic generation, Tumors, Microscopy, Collagen, Polarization, Signal detection, Cancer, Pancreas, Microscopes

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Extracellular matrix (ECM) has important functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, which influence the development and progression of cancer. ECM in tumor microenvironment experiences changes in composition and structure that can appear early in tumor development and could serve as a biomarker for cancer diagnostics. In addition, some changes in ECM may correlate with the rate of tumor progression or its tendency to form metastases and would allow to predict future tumor development [1]. Collagen is an important structural protein found in ECM. It has a non-centrosymmetric structure, and, thus, can be easily visualized using second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. SHG microscopy employs certain polarimetric techniques to gain detailed information about the organization of collagen in various tissues [2]. In this work, polarimetric SHG microscopy is used to acquire collagen images from normal and cancerous regions of human colon and pancreas histological samples. Texture analysis is performed on SHG intensity and polarization images to characterize the distribution of ultrastructure parameters in the tissue. Significant differences are observed in collagen ultrastructure between normal and tumor areas. Further, collagen structures of colon and pancreas tumor microenvironments are compared to investigate relative differences in ECM organization between the tissues. Finally, a machine learning classifier is used to group the acquired images in tumor and normal groups. The results show potential for development of novel cancer diagnostic technique using polarimetric second harmonic generation microscopy and texture analysis. [1] Winkler, J. et al., “Concepts of extracellular matrix remodelling in tumour progression and metastasis”, Nat Commun 11, 5120 (2020). [2] Golaraei, A. et al., “Polarimetric second-harmonic generation microscopy of the hierarchical structure of collagen in stage I-III non-small cell lung carcinoma,” Biomed. Opt. Express 11, 1851-1863 (2020).

Proceedings Article | 7 December 2021 Paper

Wide-field polarization-resolved SHG microscopy in biomedical imaging

Kamdin Mirsanaye, Leonardo Uribe Castano, Yasmeen Kamaliddin, Ahmad Golaraei, Lukas Kontenis, Susan Done, Edvardas Žurauskas, Brian Wilson, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 11922, 119220M (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2615714

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Second-harmonic generation, Microscopy, Collagen, Tumors, Cancer, Biomedical optics, Polarization, Polarimetry, Diagnostics

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Proceedings Article | 7 December 2021 Paper

Nonlinear response of complex chiral biological structures in the focal volume of the microscope

Mehdi Alizadeh, Fayez Habach, Margarete Akens, Agne Kalnaityte, Saulius Bagdonas, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 11922, 119220N (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2615716

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Second-harmonic generation, Polarimetry, Microscopy, Microscopes, Nonlinear response, Collagen, Cartilage, Numerical modeling, Statistical modeling

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Proceedings Article | 7 December 2021 Paper

Nonlinear multicontrast microscopy with texture analysis for colon cancer diagnostics

Viktoras Mažeika, Mykolas Mačiulis, Martynas Riauka, Lukas Kontenis, Edvardas Žurauskas, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 11919, 1191913 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2614800

KEYWORDS: Second-harmonic generation, Microscopy, Statistical analysis, Analytical research, Tissues, Polarimetry, Diagnostics, Colorectal cancer, Colon, Collagen

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Proceedings Article | 3 December 2021 Paper

Characterization of lentiginous melanoma tissue with multimodal polarimetric harmonic generation microscopy

Martynas Riauka, Viktoras Mazeika, Mykolas Maciulis, Edvardas Zurauskas, Lukas Kontenis, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 11921, 1192104 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2614313

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Polarimetry, Collagen, Second-harmonic generation, Polarization, Microscopy, Melanoma, Harmonic generation, Polysomnography, Cancer

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2017 Paper

Experimental implementation of THG Stokes-Mueller polarimetric microscopy

Lukas Kontenis, Masood Samim, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 10414, 1041404 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2284165

KEYWORDS: Polarimetry, Microscopy, Third-harmonic generation

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2017 Paper

Studying the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to enhance healing of femur fractures using polarimetric second-harmonic generation microscopy

Ahmad Golaraei, Vaishnavi Raja, Margarete Akens, Brian Wilson, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 10411, 1041104 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2284430

KEYWORDS: Photodynamic therapy, Microscopy, Polarimetry, Second-harmonic generation, Harmonic generation, Tissues, Diagnostics, Nonlinear optics

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Proceedings Article | 19 June 2015 Paper

Tumor tissue characterization using polarization-sensitive second harmonic generation microscopy

Danielle Tokarz, Richard Cisek, Ahmad Golaraei, Serguei Krouglov, Roya Navab, Carolyn Niu, Shingo Sakashita, Kazuhiro Yasufuku, Ming-Sound Tsao, Sylvia Asa, Virginijus Barzda, Brian Wilson

Proceedings Volume 9531, 95310C (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180969

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Second-harmonic generation, Collagen, Microscopy, Tumors, Lung, Pancreas, Cancer, Polarization, Optical fibers

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SPIE Journal Paper | 7 May 2014 Open Access

Second harmonic generation polarization properties of myofilaments

Masood Samim, Nicole Prent, Daniel Dicenzo, Bryan Stewart, Virginijus Barzda

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 05, 056005, (May 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.5.056005

KEYWORDS: Second-harmonic generation, Polarization, Harmonic generation, Head, Microscopy, Molecules, Microscopes, Birefringence, Proteins, Polarizers

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Proceedings Article | 22 February 2013 Paper

Hierarchical model of fibrillar collagen distribution for polarization-resolved SHG microscopy

Adam Tuer, Margarete Akens, Serguei Krouglov, Daaf Sandkuijl, Brian Wilson, Cari Whyne, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 8588, 85881O (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2000724

KEYWORDS: Collagen, Tissues, Second-harmonic generation, Polarization, Microscopy, Cornea, Harmonic generation, Visualization, Microscopes, Image visualization

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Proceedings Article | 23 February 2011 Paper

Three-dimensional data acquisition with aberrations correction for video-rate microscopy

Masood Samim, Richard Cisek, Daaf Sandkuijl, Ian Tretyakov, Sam Siu, Sergey Musikhin, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 7904, 790413 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875907

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Deformable mirrors, Microscopes, Point spread functions, Wavefront sensors, Mirrors, Microscopy, Adaptive optics, 3D acquisition, 3D scanning

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 March 2010 Open Access

Nonlinear multicontrast microscopy of hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained histological sections

Adam Tuer, Danielle Tokarz, Nicole Prent, Richard Cisek, Jennifer Alami, Daniel Dumont, Ludmilla Bakueva, John Rowlands, Virginijus Barzda

JBO, Vol. 15, Issue 02, 026018, (March 2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3382908

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Luminescence, Absorption, Microscopy, Nonlinear optics, Microscopes, Tissue optics, Second-harmonic generation, Picosecond phenomena, Aluminum

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Proceedings Article | 12 August 2008 Paper

Development of a high power femtosecond optical parametric oscillator for biomedical imaging applications

Anton Sharapov, Virginijus Barzda, Arkady Major

Proceedings Volume 7099, 70992H (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.807827

KEYWORDS: Optical parametric oscillators, Femtosecond phenomena, Crystals, Wavelength tuning, Semiconductor lasers, Nonlinear crystals, Ultrafast phenomena, Mirrors, Biomedical optics, Pulsed laser operation

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2008 Open Access

Intermyofilament dynamics of myocytes revealed by second harmonic generation microscopy

Nicole Prent, Chantal Green, Catherine Greenhalgh, Richard Cisek, Arkady Major, Bryan Stewart, Virginijus Barzda

JBO, Vol. 13, Issue 04, 041318, (July 2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.2950316

KEYWORDS: Second-harmonic generation, Molecules, Microscopy, Harmonic generation, Microscopes, Roads, Constructive interference, Diagnostics, Physical sciences, Physics

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2008 Paper

Enhancement of third harmonic contrast with harmonophores in multimodal non-linear microscopy of histological sections

Adam Tuer, Ludmila Bakueva, Richard Cisek, Jennifer Alami, Daniel Dumont, John Rowlands, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 6860, 686005 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.763509

KEYWORDS: Tissues, Luminescence, Second-harmonic generation, Microscopy, Microscopes, Harmonic generation, Collagen, Prostate, Cancer, Multiphoton microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 7 February 2008 Paper

Ultrafast Yb:KGd(WO4)2 laser for multimodal biomedical imaging with reduced photodamage

Arkady Major, Richard Cisek, Adam Tuer, Nicole Prent, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 6881, 688108 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.763953

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Mirrors, Biomedical optics, Femtosecond phenomena, Signal detection, Crystals, Laser development, Absorption, Harmonic generation, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 8 September 2006 Paper

A diode-pumped high power extended cavity femtosecond Yb:KGW laser: from development to applications in nonlinear microscopy

Arkady Major, Richard Cisek, Catherine Greenhalgh, Nicole Prent, Bryan Stewart, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 6343, 634345 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.707936

KEYWORDS: Laser development, Crystals, Femtosecond phenomena, Mirrors, Laser crystals, Pulsed laser operation, Semiconductor lasers, Microscopy, Mode locking, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 8 September 2006 Paper

Optimization of nonlinear excitation for reducing light-induced changes in photosynthetic systems during imaging with multimodal microscopy

Richard Cisek, Arkady Major, Nicole Prent, Catherine Greenhalgh, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 6343, 634307 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.706555

KEYWORDS: Second-harmonic generation, Luminescence, Quenching (fluorescence), Microscopes, Nonlinear optics, Microscopy, Harmonic generation, Sapphire lasers, Imaging systems, Complex systems

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Nonlinear microscopy is a very attractive tool for studying photosynthetic organisms on cellular and subcellular levels. The multimodal microscope can be employed to image photosynthetic structures simultaneously with multiphoton excitation fluorescence (MPF), second harmonic generation (SHG), and third harmonic generation (THG) contrast mechanisms. Although the multimodal nonlinear microscope delivers invaluable information about the structure, spectroscopic properties, and functional dynamics of photosynthetic systems, the prompt light-induced changes of highly light sensitive pigment-protein complexes complicate the extensive study of photosynthetic organisms. In this work, we investigated the extent of light-induced changes in chloroplasts from higher plants by imaging with a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser and a Yb-ion doped potassium gadolinium tungstate (Yb:KGW) femtosecond laser. The Ti:Sapphire laser delivered 800 nm wavelength and ~25 fs duration pulses at a 26.7 MHz repetition rate. In comparison, the Yb:KGW laser provided a 1042 nm wavelength, ~200 fs pulses at a repetition rate of 14.6 MHz. The 800 nm pulses predominantly excited chlorophyll pigments via two-photon excitation, while 1042 nm excitation resulted in two-photon absorption of carotenoids. The induced fluorescence quenching, and decrease in SHG and THG signal was much stronger when imaged with a Ti:Sapphire laser. Prolonged imaging of up to tenths of minutes with the Yb:KGW laser did not result in appreciable changes of all three nonlinear signals. The difference in the light-induced changes most probably appears due to the difference in excited state dynamics following chlorophyll or carotenoid excitation. The slow component of MPF and THG changes as well as change in SHG reflects the light-induced macroorganization of the grana, while the fast MPF and THG component is tentatively attributed to the generation of quenchers from chlorophyll molecules. The success in imaging photosynthetic samples for prolonged periods of time with a Yb:KGW laser opens a new window of opportunity for thorough in vivo investigations of photosynthetic structures.

Proceedings Article | 8 September 2006 Paper

Dynamic investigation of Drosophila myocytes with second harmonic generation microscopy

Catherine Greenhalgh, Bryan Stewart, Richard Cisek, Nicole Prent, Arkady Major, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 6343, 634308 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.706559

KEYWORDS: Second-harmonic generation, Harmonic generation, Microscopy, Microscopes, Luminescence, Crystals, Femtosecond phenomena, Oscillators, Multiphoton microscopy, Potassium

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Proceedings Article | 28 February 2006 Paper

Development of diode-pumped high average power continuous-wave and ultrashort pulse Yb:KGW lasers for nonlinear microscopy

Arkady Major, Richard Cisek, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 6108, 61080Y (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.641414

KEYWORDS: Crystals, Semiconductor lasers, Mode locking, Continuous wave operation, Laser crystals, Mirrors, Absorption, Pulsed laser operation, Microscopy, High power lasers

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Proceedings Article | 14 October 2005 Paper

Time and structural crosscorrelation image analysis of microscopic volumes, simultaneously recorded with second harmonic generation, third harmonic generation, and multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy

Catherine Greenhalgh, Richard Cisek, Nicole Prent, Arkady Major, Juerg Aus de Au, Jeff Squier, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 5969, 59692F (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.628786

KEYWORDS: Image analysis, Luminescence, Harmonic generation, Microscopy, Image visualization, Image segmentation, Multiphoton microscopy, Microscopes, Visualization, 3D image processing

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Proceedings Article | 13 October 2005 Paper

Toward the development of optical nucleic acid biosensors based on TIRF and TCSPC for high sensitivity determinations

Paul Piunno, Virginijus Barzda, Sarah Jantzi, Christopher Kotoris, Arkady Major, Sergei Musikhin, Sandeep Raha, Ulrich Krull

Proceedings Volume 5969, 59690R (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.628696

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Luminescence, Prisms, Optical filters, Molecules, Signal detection, Liquids, Time correlated photon counting, Chemical elements, Photon counting

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Proceedings Article | 4 October 2005 Paper

Development of femtosecond Yb:KGW laser for applications in optical DNA sensor technology

Arkady Major, Virginijus Barzda, Paul A.E. Piunno, Sergei Musikhin, Ulrich Krull

Proceedings Volume 5969, 59690Q (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.628740

KEYWORDS: Crystals, Mirrors, Diodes, Laser crystals, Semiconductor lasers, Femtosecond phenomena, Absorption, Pulsed laser operation, Mode locking, Nonlinear crystals

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Proceedings Article | 1 October 2005 Paper

Applications of nonlinear microscopy for studying the structure and dynamics in biological systems

Nicole Prent, Richard Cisek, Catherine Greenhalgh, Raymond Sparrow, Neeresh Rohitlall, Maike-Svenja Milkereit, Chantal Green, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 5971, 597106 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.628801

KEYWORDS: Second-harmonic generation, Microscopy, Harmonic generation, Nonlinear optics, Luminescence, Interfaces, Signal generators, Multiphoton microscopy, Microscopes, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2005 Paper

Picosecond z-scan measurements of the two-photon absorption in beta-carotene solution over the 590-790 nm wavelength range

Arkady Major, Fumiyo Yoshino, J. Stewart Aitchison, Peter Smith, Donatas Zigmantas, Virginijus Barzda

Proceedings Volume 5724, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.590669

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Picosecond phenomena, Optical amplifiers, Nonlinear optics, Refraction, Optical filters, Polarizers, Signal detection, Diffraction, Physics

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Proceedings Article | 24 March 2005 Paper

Visualization of nanocontractions in cardiomyocytes by simultaneous detection of second- and third- harmonic generation and multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy

Catherine Greenhalgh, Virginijus Barzda, Steven Elmore, Johannes van Beek, Juerg Aus der Au, Jeffrey Squier

Proceedings Volume 5701, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.591212

KEYWORDS: Second-harmonic generation, Microscopy, Luminescence, Multiphoton microscopy, Harmonic generation, Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, Microscopes, Molecules, Visualization, Multichannel imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 2004 Paper

Polarization state effects in third-harmonic generation with applications in microscopy and ultrashort pulse measurement

David Fittinghoff, Virginijus Barzda, Jeffrey Squier, Juerg Aus der Au

Proceedings Volume 5340, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.528284

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Microscopes, Gaussian beams, Ultrafast phenomena, Microscopy, Absorption, Luminescence, Harmonic generation, Third-harmonic generation, Interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 2004 Paper

Second- and third-harmonic generation and multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy for simultaneous imaging of cardiomyocytes

Virginijus Barzda, Catherine Greenhalgh, Juerg Aus der Au, Jeffrey Squier, Steven Elmore, Johannes van Beek

Proceedings Volume 5340, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.529287

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Second-harmonic generation, Microscopy, Multiphoton microscopy, Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, Signal generators, Microscopes, Interfaces, 3D image processing, Harmonic generation

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Showing 5 of 33 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (2)

Sixth International Conference on Advanced Optical Materials and Devices

24 August 2008 | Riga, Latvia

Photonics North 2007

4 June 2007 | Ottawa, Canada

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