KEYWORDS: Chaos, Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, Computer security, Telecommunications, Data transmission, Resistance, Optical coherence, Digital signal processing, Transmitters, Receivers
This study proposes a physical layer encryption scheme for coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) systems utilizing index permutation based on the M-ary bit reversal mechanism using chaos. The original signal's bit data is subjected to comprehensive bit scrambling within the bit domain for OFDM signals, accomplished through a series of operations including adaptive filling, bit reversal, and suffix addition, all driven by three keys generated from two random chaos systems. To assess the effectiveness of this enhanced security scheme, a simulation is carried out on a 16QAM CO-OFDM system with a net data rate of 213 Gb/s, operating in a back-to-back (BTB) transmission configuration. The results unequivocally demonstrate the system's robust security performance, with an unauthorized user unable to extract any meaningful information, as evidenced by a bit error rate (BER) of 0.5. The key space is up to 10120, which indicates the strong resistance to attack for encryption system. Additionally, the maintained peak to average power ratio (PAPR) illustrates that the proposed physical layer encryption scheme can preserve good system performance during the enhancement of security.
We proposed a new and simple scheme to implement exclusive OR (XOR) and not exclusive OR (NXOR) logic operations in the optical domain enabled by a dual-parallel phase modulator (PM). Both the intensity and phase of the optical signal are utilized to represent the four different states of two binary inputs, and direct detection is used to map the four states to the corresponding binary output. Through numerical analysis, two PMs with phase offsets were adjusted to π / 2, and the phase shifter between the two PMs was controlled atπ / 2; thus, the NXOR logic gate was successfully carried out. Two PMs with phase offsets were adjusted to π / 2, and the phase shifter between the two PMs was controlled atπ; thus, the XOR logic gate was successfully carried out. Simulations were successfully carried out at the speed of 10 Gb/s.
We propose a single-channel photonic compressed sampling scheme. The program is composed of 4 MZMs and each MZM is set at an appropriate working point. The sparse microwave signal is modulated onto an optical carrier coded by a pseudo-random sequence, so that the microwave signal randomly distributed in the broadband range can be measured. The numerical analysis shows that a multi-tone signal in 40 GHz range can be located and reconstructed with 4.2 GHz sampling rate with high probability.
In this work, a 12-tupling frequency millimeter wave generation scheme based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is proposed. A dual parallel Mach Zehnder modulator (DPMZM) is used to generate pure 2nd order optical tones which are sent into a SOA to realize the 2nd order and 6th order optical sideband output due to the effect of the FWM. An optical filter is employed to filter out 2nd order optical tone and the pure 6th order optical sidebands are obtained. A 12-tupling frequency millimeter wave can be generated by beating the 6th order optical sidebands in the photodetector (PD). The working principle of the system is analyzed in detail, and the feasibility of the scheme is verified in the simulation results.
We propose a novel filterless approach to generate high-quality optical frequency 16-tupling millimeter-wave based on only two MZMs. OSSR higher than 30.34 dB and RFSSR not less than 23.79 dB are achieved in this scheme.
In order to eliminate the error introduced by noise from fixed analyzer method when measuring polarization mode dispersion of optical fiber and improve the accuracy of the polarization mode dispersion measurement system, a novel denoising approach based on wavelet threshold denoising is proposed in this paper. This paper presents the algorithm flow chart based on wavelet threshold denoising and discusses the selection principles of wavelet threshold, wavelet threshold function, mother wavelet and the number of wavelet decomposition layers. We built an experimental platform and compare the measurement results with Fourier transform algorithm and the commercial polarization mode dispersion measurement instrument. Experimental results show that the proposed wavelet threshold denoising method can effectively reduce impact of noise on the measurement results effectively, which is suitable for different types and lengths of test fiber samples. Taking the commercial instrument as the standard reference, the maximum error of the measurement result of this scheme is 2.27%, which improves the accuracy significantly of the polarization mode dispersion measurement results measure by the fixed analyzer.
In this work, we propose a novel approach to generate high-quality optical millimeter-wave signals using frequency 12-tupling without an optical filter. The proposed approach is comprised of one dual parallel Mach- Zehnder modulators. The two sub-MZMs, biased at the maximum optical transmission point, which is only used for even-order optical harmonic generation, and introduces a phase shift on the optical output signal between the sub- MZMs. By properly adjusting the MZM biasing point, RF LO voltages and phases shift, sixth order optical sidebands only are generated which can result in 12-tupled mm-wave at the photo detector. Optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) higher than 37.65 dB and radio frequency spurious sideband suppression ratio (RFSSR) not less than 32.08 dB are achieved in this scheme. The performance of the signal in terms of OSSR and RFSSR is discussed, and the effects of non-ideal factors on OSSR and RFSSR are analyzed.
In this paper, polarization interference between two lights carrying binary signals is used to realize logic functions. Direct detection is adopted to obtain the corresponding logic output. By setting the power of the input signals, the bias levels, and the polarization rotation angle of the two lights, different optical logic gates can be realized within the same hardware setup. In the experiments, XOR and XNOR are successfully realized at the data rate of 1Gbit/s. Simulations are further carried out to optimize the setup and analyze system performance under the influence of some key factors such as input power, extinction ratio (ER) of modulators.
An optical frequency comb generator using a modified single-sideband recirculating frequency shifter scheme adopting a linear IQ modulator as the kernel device (SSB-RFS-LIQM) is proposed. The optical comb lines generated by the proposed scheme possess good features such as extreme flatness and high optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), compared to the quality we can obtain when we use a conventional IQ modulator in the SSB-RFS structure (called SSB-RFS-CIQM scheme). The mechanism of how the SSB-RFS-LIQM works is carefully analyzed with analytical and numerical methods. With the capability of strong suppression of high-order crosstalk and less demand of the gain of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (and hence less amplified spontaneous noise induced) in the loop, 5.5 dB OSNR improvement can be achieved when 100 extreme flat comb lines are generated using the SSB-RFS-LIQM scheme compared to using the SSB-RFS-CIQM scheme.
We propose and analyze a photonic method of generating frequency-quadrupling millimeter-wave signal. This scheme is realized by using a single LiNbO3 intensity modulator (IM) and a Faraday mirror based transverse-electrical and transverse-magnetic mode converter in a Sagnac loop without using an optical filter or an electrical microwave phase shifter. Making use of the intrinsic polarization dependence and the velocity phenomenon of the IM, a special double sideband modulation is implemented, which ensures that the optical carrier can be effectively cancelled employing polarization manipulation. A linear polarizer is used as the polarization selection element to choose the second-order sidebands from the modulated light. After beating at the photodiode, a frequency-quadrupled millimeter-wave signal with >30 dB radio frequency spurious suppression ratio is generated. The imperfection of the devices is considered when estimating the system performance.
We propose a design of a multi-OAM-modes ring-core fiber with two guided modes regions which possesses relatively large effective index separations required for the vector modes. This fiber can support 28 information states bearing OAM spanning 8 OAM orders with large effective mode area by using polarization multiplexing and both signs of topological charge in the ring region, combined with two degenerate fundamental polarization modes in the core region which can hold the whole C bands. There is a high isolation between the modes in these two regions. These designed features have potential applications in the next generation fiber communication systems either in the quantum domain or in the classical domain.
KEYWORDS: Modulators, Frequency combs, Telecommunications, Optical communications, Polarization, Optical amplifiers, Linear filtering, Signal to noise ratio, Modulation, Interference (communication)
A comprehensive investigation is done on a high-quality frequency comb or multicarrier generation using a single-sideband modulation based recirculating frequency shifter (SSB-RFS), which has shown a good capability to provide a large number of frequency-locked carriers for terabits transmission. The dominant factors, such as I/Q modulator, direct current-bias, radio-frequency signal, and band pass filter, are analyzed theoretically and experimentally in terms of the metrics such as flatness, signal-to-noise ratio, and stability. The achieved 69 flat tones by noise suppressed SSB-RFS are presented. An example of SSB-RFS based 2.56 Tb/s PDM-RZ-16QAM 792 km transmission is illustrated, which is enabled by the 20 high-quality carrier tones generated with the optimally operated SSB-RFS source.
Nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometers, when driven by a phase-locked local oscillator pump, provide phase-sensitive
amplification to input signals. So phase-sensitive amplifier(PSA) can be used to realize phase regeneration of phase
modulated signals. In the paper, we adopt kerr media-based nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer to form a PSA to
regenerate DPSK signals, and we propose a structure for the phase regenerating of DQPSK signals using two balanced
PSAs. Theoretical analyses of all-optical phase regenerations of DPSK/DQPSK signals based on phase-sensitive
amplification are presented. Simulations show that nearly ideal phase regeneration can be achieved for the
DPSK/DQPSK signals.
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